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5. P. Sands, “International Law in the Field of Sustainable Development” (1994) 65 B.Y.I.L. 303,305, asks which of these sustainable development is.

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10. Statement, idem. Principle 2(a).

11. See also the Stockholm Declaration (1972). Principle 1.

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70. Agenda 21, para.27.13. Various of the WTO agreements also establish obligations to provide for domestic court proceedings as a remedy.

71. See e.g. M. Lau, “Islam and Judicial Activism: Public Interest Litigation and Environmental Protection in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan”, in Anderson and Boyle, op. cit. supra, n.63, at 285.

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84. Climate Change Convention. Art.4(3). See also Biodiversity Convention, Art.20.

85. Art.60. See also Art.61 on “Compliance and Dispute Avoidance” and Art.62 on “Settlement of Disputes”.

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93. See the declaration of Judge Oda. the separate opinion of Judge Shahabuddeen and the dissenting opinions of Judges Weeramantry and Koroma and ad hoc Judge Palmer.

94. I.CJ. Rep. (1996), 8 July 1996. General List No.93.

95. Ibid. pr.31.

96. I.C.J. Rep. (1996), 8 July 1996, General List No.95.

97. Ibid, prs.24–6 on human rights and prs.27–33 on the environment.

98. Ibid. pr.33.

99. Ibid. pr.25.

100. See Alston, op. cit. supra n.80.

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109. Ksentini Report, supra n.36.

110. Ibid; Boyle, op. cit. infra n.1 14.

111. See Ksentini Report, idem. Annex III; J. Glazewski, “Environmental Rights and the New South African Constitution”, in Anderson and Boyle, op. cit. supra n.63, at 177.

112. See R. Churchill, “Environmental Rights in Existing Human Rights Treaties”, in Anderson and Boyle, idem, 89.

113. See Arts.4(l), 7(3), (4) and 23.

114. See essays by M R. Anderson, “Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection: An Overview”; J. Merrills, “Environmental Protection and Human Rights: Conceptual Aspects”: and A. Boyle, “The Role of International Human Rights Law in the Protection of the Human Environment”, all in Anderson and Boyle, op. cit. supra n.63, at pp.1,25, and 43 respectively; D. Shelton, “Human Rights, Environmental Rights and the Right to the Environment” (1991) 28 Stanford J.I.L. 103; Symposium, “Environment, Economic Development and Human Rights: A Triangular Relationship?” (1988) Proc.A.S.I.L. 40. Similar comments could be made about the asserted human right to development.

115. See Douglas-Scott, S., “Environmental Rights: Taking the Environment Seriously”, in C. Gearty and A. Tomkins. Understanding Human Rights (1996), pp.423–451, who concludes, at p.448: “The best way to take the environment seriously is not to accord it rights.”Google Scholar

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132. See Alston, op. cit. supra n.103.

133. Cf. Sands, op. cit. supra n.5. at p.359. who notes a change by the World Bank that allows an affected party to complain that rights or interests have been affected by the Bank's omission to follow its procedures with respect to projects provided that the failure has or threatens to have a material adverse effect.Google Scholar

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146. See Ksentini Report, supra n.36, at para.44.

147. There is no equivalent in the ECHR or in the AmCHR.

148. Annual Report of the Human Rights Committee 1990, UN Doc.A/45/40. Vol.11, App.See, A. McGoldrick, D., “Canadian Indians. Cultural Rights and the Human Rights Committee” (1991) 40 I.C.L.Q. 658.Google Scholar

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151. Ibid.

152. Idem, para.58.

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