Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-fvjsw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T20:14:26.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Be Phenomenon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

L.A. Balona
L.A. Balona*
Affiliation:
South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

An overview of the Be phenomenon is given with particular emphasis on the problem of the mass loss mechanism. We assume that the principal mechanism of mass loss in these stars is magneto-centrifugal acceleration (MCA). Within this framework, we discuss how particular features of Be stars which distinguish them from normal B stars can be understood. The frequency distribution of Be stars relative to normal B stars in the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds is discussed. The distribution of equatorial velocities, activity in the visual and X-ray regions and photospheric activity all point towards a magnetic model and seem to be qualitatively consistent with the MCA hypothesis. Periodic variations in light and line profiles offer particularly important clues. In this respect, the recent discovery of co-rotating photospheric clouds in several Be stars strongly suggests gas trapped in closed field lines. We investigate the dynamics of an outburst and suggest that the localized nature of these events imply magnetic flaring and acceleration of mass due to connection and disconnection of field lines. Finally, suggestions for further progress are presented.

Information

Type
1. Overview
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 175: The Be Phenomenon in Early-Type Stars , 2000, pp. 1 - 12
Copyright
Copyright © Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2000

References

Baade, D., 1989, A&A, 222, 200 Google Scholar
Babel, J., Montmerle, T., 1997, ApJ, 485, L29 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balona, L.A., 1990, MNRAS, 245, 92 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balona, L.A., 1999, MNRAS, 306, 407 Google Scholar
Balona, L.A., Rozowsky, J., 1991, MNRAS, 251, 66pGoogle Scholar
Balona, L.A., Dziembowski, W.A., 1999, MNRAS, 309, 221 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balona, L.A., Kambe, E., 1999, MNRAS, in 308, 1117 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balona, L.A., Kaye, A.B., 1999, ApJ, 521, 407 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balona, L.A., Bohm, T., 2000, MNRAS, submittedGoogle Scholar
Balona, L.A., James, D., Lawson, W.A., Shobbrook, R.R., 1999, these proceedings, p.220 Google Scholar
Balona, L.A., Cuypers, J., Marang, F., 1992, A&AS, 92, 533 Google Scholar
Balona, L.A., Sterken, C., Manfroid, J., 1991, MNRAS, 252, 93 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berghöfer, T.W., Schmitt, J.H.M.M., Danner, R., Cassinelli, J.P., 1997, A&A, 322, 167 Google Scholar
Bernacca, P.L., Perinotto, M., 1973, Contrib. Oss. Asiago No 294Google Scholar
Bjorkman, J.E., Cassinelli, J.P., 1993, ApJ, 409, 429 Google Scholar
Buscombe, W., Foster, B.E., 1995, General Catalogue of MK Classifications, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Google Scholar
Cohen, D.H., Cassinelli, J.P., MacFarlane, J.J., 1997, ApJ, 487, 867 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, K.H., et al., 1995, IAU Colloq. 155: Astrophysical Applications of Stellar Pulsations, ed Stobie, R.S., Whitelock, P.A., ASP Conference Series, 83, p.221 Google Scholar
Cuypers, J., Balona, L.A., Marang, F., 1989, A&AS, 81, 151 Google Scholar
Fabregat, J., Torrejón, J.M., 2000, A&A, 357, 451 Google Scholar
Gagné, M., Caillault, J-P., Stauffer, J.R., Linsky, J.L., 1997, ApJ, 478, L87 Google Scholar
Grady, C.A., Bjorkman, K.S., Snow, T.P., Sonneborn, G., Shore, S.N., Barker, P.K., 1989, ApJ, 339, 403 Google Scholar
Haisch, B., Strong, K.T., Rodono, M., 1991, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 29, 275 Google Scholar
Henrichs, H.F., de Jong, J.A., Donati, J.F. et al., 2000, these proceedings, p.324 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubert, A.M., Floquet, M., 1998, A&A, 335, 565 Google Scholar
Jaschek, M., Egret, D., 1982, IAU Symp 98, 261 Google Scholar
Keller, S.C., Wood, P.R., Bessell, M.S., 1999, A&AS, 134, 489 Google Scholar
Keller, S.C., Bessell, M.S., Da Costa, G.S., 2000, these proceedings, p.75 Google Scholar
Kaye, A.B., Gies, D.R. 1997, ApJ, 482, 1028 Google Scholar
Maeder, G., Grebal, E.K., Mermilliod, J-C., 1999, A&A, 346, 459 Google Scholar
Owocki, S.P., Gayley, K.G., Cranmer, S.R., 1998, Boulder-Munich II: Properties of Hot, Luminous Stars, ed Howarth, I.D., ASP Conference Series, 131, p.237 Google Scholar
Porter, J.M., 1997, A&A, 324, 597 Google Scholar
Quirrenbach, A., Bjorkman, K.S., Bjorkman, J.E., Hummel, C.A., Buscher, D.F., Armstrong, J.T., Mozurkewich, D., Elias, N.M.H., & Babler, B.L. 1997, ApJ, 479, 477 Google Scholar
Rivinius, Th., Baade, D., Štefl, S., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., Kaufer, A., 1998a, A&A, 333, 125 Google Scholar
Rivinius, Th., Baade, D., Štefl, S., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., Kaufer, A., 1998b, A&A, 336, 177 Google Scholar
Smith, M.A., Robinson, R.D., Corbet, R.H.D., 1998a, ApJ, 503, 877 Google Scholar
Smith, M.A., Robinson, R.D., Hatzes, A.P., 1998b, ApJ, 507, 945 Google Scholar
Smith, M.A., Robinson, R.D., 1999, ApJ, 517, 866 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Štefl, S., Baade, D., Rivinius, Th., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., Kaufer, A., 1998, A Halfcentury of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations, ed. Bradely, P.A., Guzik, J.A., ASP Conference Series, 135, p.348 Google Scholar
Štefl, S., Aerts, C., Balona, L.A., 1999, MNRAS, 305, 505 Google Scholar
Strafella, F., Pezzuto, S., Corciulo, G.G., Bianchini, A., Vittone, A.A., 1998, ApJ, 505, 299 Google Scholar
Struve, O., 1931, ApJ, 73, 94 Google Scholar
Thom, C., Granes, P., Vakili, F., 1986, A&A, 165, L13 Google Scholar
Zorec, J., Briot, D., 1997, A&A, 318, 443 Google Scholar