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The Organization of African Unity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2009

Norman J. Padelford
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Extract

In the period since the publication of the special number of this journal devoted to Africa and international organization, one development of potentially considerable importance in this connection has transpired within Africa. This is the launching of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and its embarcation on the task of forging a measure of peaceful collaboration out of the multitude of mixed aspirations and competing, indeed conflicting, interests of the African states.

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International Organization , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , Summer 1964, pp. 521 - 542
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 1964

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References

1 “Africa and International Organization,” special issue of International Organization, Spring 1962 (Vol. 16, No. 2)Google Scholar.

2 See articles by Rupert Emerson, “Pan-Africanism,” and by Kloman, Erasmus H. Jr, “African Unification Movements,” International Organization, Spring 1962 (Vol. 16, No. 2), pp. 275–290 and 387–404CrossRefGoogle Scholar, respectively.

3 See Mboya, Tom, Freedom and After (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1963), p. 4Google Scholar.

4 See text of Charter of Casablanca in Conference of Heads of African States at Casablanca (Casablanca, Morocco, 01 3–7, 1961)Google Scholar. Text also in Lawson, Ruth C. (ed.), International Regional Organization; Constitutional Foundations (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publisher, 1962), pp. 304–306Google Scholar. The platforms of this and the other groups are discussed at some length in Quaison-Sackey, Alex, Africa Unbound: Reflections of an African Statesman (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publisher, 1963), pp. 91–97Google Scholar. See also Nkrumah, Kwame, Africa Must Unite (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publisher, 1963)Google Scholar.

5 Quaison-Sackey, , op. cit., p. 34Google Scholar.

6 See Kloman, loc. cit.; Crabbe, Raoul, “De l'Union Franchise de 1946 à la Communauté,” Eurafrica, 06 1961 (5th Year, No. 5), pp. 18–21Google Scholar; Hodgkin, Thomas and Schachter, Ruth, “French Speaking West Africa in Transition,” International Conciliation, 05 1960 (No. 528), pp. 375–436Google Scholar; Rigotard, Jean, “De l'Union Francaise à la Communauté,” Revue d'Economie Politique, 07–10 1959 (69th Year), pp. 477–540Google Scholar; Thompson, Virginia M. and Aloff, Richard, The Emerging States of French Equatorial Africa (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1960)Google Scholar. The text of the Charter of the African and Malagasy Union, signed September 12, 1961, will be found in Lawson, , op. cit., pp. 301–302Google Scholar.

7 Lawson, , op. cit., pp. 298–299Google Scholar.

8 See Mboya, , op. cit., pp. 221–222Google Scholar.

9 See Serge-Maffert, , “De Yaoundeé à Monrovia à la poursuite de l'unité africaine,” Cotnmunauté France Eurafriqtie, 04 1961 (13th year, No. 120), pp. 5–7Google Scholar; Serge-Maffert, , “Les Resolutions de Monrovia et la Charte de Casablanca,” Communauté France-Eurafrique, 05 1961 (13th Year, No. 121), pp. 2–3Google Scholar; “Pan-African First Steps,” The Economist, 04 29, 1961 (Vol. 199, No. 6140), pp. 454–456Google Scholar; “The Monrovia Conference,” Présence Africaine, 1961 (Vol. 9, No. 37), pp. 193–199Google Scholar. For texts see Resolutions of the Plenary Sessions, Conference of Heads of African and Malagasy States, Held at Monrovia City Hall, 8th–12th May, 1961 (Monrovia: Liberian Information Service, 1961)Google Scholar.

10 On PAFMECSA, see Mboya, , op. cit., pp. 208–219Google Scholar.

11 Ibid., p. 230.

12 See The New York Times, April 24, 1964.

13 In this connection one might mention the fears aroused by reports of a $30 million Soviet ruble loan to Somalia to arm a force of 20,000. (The New York Times, November 14, 1963.)

14 Mboya, , op. cit., p. 236Google Scholar.

15 France-Presse, Agence, Africa South of the Sahara, 05 16, 1963 (No. 967), p. 1Google Scholar.

16 ibid., p. 4.

17 France-Presse, Agence, Africa South of the Sahara, 05 20, 1963 (No. 968), p. 1Google Scholar.

18 See Africa Diary, 07 1–7, 1963 (Vol. 3, No. 23), p. 1182Google Scholar.

19 For reports of speeches by various ministers, see France-Presse, op. cit.

20 Nyerere, Julius, “A United States of Africa,” The Journal of Modern African Studies, 03 1963 (Vol. I, No. 1), p. 6Google Scholar.

21 Proceedings of the Summit Conference of Independent African States (hereinafter cited as Proceedings), Vol. 1, section 1, Document SCIAS/Plen./3, 05 22, 1963 (Addis Ababa, May 1963)Google Scholar.

22 These draft resolutions are summarized in the reports of Committees I and II of the ministers and the accompanying texts in the Proceedings.

23 Proceedings, Vol. I, section 2, Document CIAS/GEN/INF/3, pp. 1–11.

24 Ibid., Document CIAS/GEN/INF/8, pp. 1–7.

25 Ibid., Document CIAS/GEN/INF/9, pp. 1–6.

28 Ibid., Document CIAS/GEN/INF/10, pp. 1–9.

27 Ibid., Document CIAS/GEN/INF/n, pp. 1–8.

28 Nkrumah, Kwamc, op. cit., p. 90Google Scholar.

29 Proceedings, Vol. 1, section 2, Document CIAS/GEN/INF/36, pp. 1–14.

30 Ibid., Document CIAS/GEN/INF/31, pp. 1–13.

31 Ibid., Document CIAS/GEN/INF/34, pp. 1–4.

32 “Record Speech,” Proceedings, Document CIAS/GEN/INF/35, pp. 1–6.

33 For the text of the Charter, see the report of the special commission of the foreign ministers of the Summit Conference in Proceedings, Vol. I, section I, Document SCIAS/Plen./I, 05 30, 1963Google Scholar; and Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, “The Addis Ababa Charter,” International Conciliation, 01 1964 (No. 546), Appendix, pp. 53–62Google Scholar.

34 Reservations were made to the report on the question of languages by the United Arab Republic, Tunisia, Libya, and a few other delegations. But these were resolved in the final phraseology of Article XXIX.

35 Ethiopia Observer, 1963 (Vol. 8, No. 1)Google Scholar.

36 Africa Report, 06 1963 (Vol. 8, No. 6)Google Scholar.

37 The New York Times, March 3, 1964. On other commissions see Africa Diary, 11 16–22, 1963 (Vol. 3, No. 47), p. 1454Google Scholar. The OAU members agreed to create by July 1965 an African development bank with an initial capitalization of $300 million. (The Christian Science Monitor, August 7 and 21, 1963.)

38 Africa Diary, 09 7–13, 1963 (Vol. 3, No. 37), p. 1336Google Scholar. For a summary of the meeting of the Council of Ministers in August 1963, see International Organization, Winter 1964 (Vol. 18, No. 1), p. 209Google Scholar.

39 The New York Times, March 11, 1964.

40 Africa Diary, 11 16–22, 1963 (Vol. 3, No. 47), p. 1444Google Scholar. For reports on the Addis Ababa meeting of Ministers, see The New York Times, October 23, 25, 26, 28, and 31, 1963; and Le Monde, November 6, 16, 19, and 20, 1963. For the report of settlement, see The New York Times, November 15. 1963, and February 21, 1964.

41 The New York Times, February 13 and 15, 1964. According to the journal East Africa and Rhodesia, February 20, 1964, Algeria, Ethiopia, and Nigeria were asked to supply forces for Tanganyika for six months with Tanganyika having control over their deployment. The New York Times reported March 3, 1964, that British forces had already left Uganda and were to be replaced shortly by Nigerian forces in Tanganyika. It was stated that they would remain longer, however, in Kenya and that they had been given staging and training rights.

42 The New York Times, March 2 and 3, 1964.

43 Mboya, , op. cit., p. 262.Google Scholar