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By the Moscow Declaration of 1943 the Soviet, British and United States governments pledged their efforts to reestablish a “free and independent Austria” after the the defeat of Germany. In the spring of 1950, five years after the liberation of Austria from German forces and Nazi rule, this pledge, like many other war-time declarations of aims, remained unfulfilled and the Austrians were still asking, as a Viennese witticism put it, when they would be “liberated from their liberators.”
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- Copyright © The IO Foundation 1950
References
1 “Declaration on Austria,” Department of State Bulletin, IX, p. 310Google Scholar. The French Provisional Government concurred in this statement of policy by a declaration of November 16, 1943.
2 Agreement on Zones of Occupation in Austria and the Administration of the City of Vienna, signed July 9, 1945 in the European Advisory Commission; Agreement on Control Machinery in Austria, signed July 4, 1945 in the European Advisory Commission. The author of this article conducted these negotiations, under the authority of the late John G. Winant, the United States representative on the EAC. The term “Allied Commission” was chosen instead of “Allied Control Commission” in order to emphasize the difference between the status of Austria and that of Germany.
3 A recommendation to this effect was presented by John S. Erhardt, United States Minister. A similar recommendation was submitted to the Department of State by the author of this article, in January 1946, after a brief mission of Vienna.
4 This account of the origins of the Declaretion on Austria supplements substantially the brief report given in The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, II, 1297 (New York, 1948)Google Scholar. As a member of the United States delegation, the author of this article participated in all the sessions of the Drafting Commission and attended most of the plenary sessions of the Conference. Drafts of a Declaration had been prepared independently, in Washington and London; upon comparing them in Moscow, members of the British delegation preferred th e American version, which was then “loaned” to them and was submitted by Eden to the Conference.
5 The author attended many sessions of the plenary conference, of the Foreign Ministers and the Economic Commission, as a member of the United States delegation. Because of another meeting he was absent from the plenary session at which the decision on “German assets” was adopted, and learned of the decision that evening. Cf. Byrnes, James F., Speaking Frankly (New York, 1947), p. 161–163Google Scholar.