^{page 67 note 1} Davies, D., The case of the labourers in husbandry, London 1795, 94–5Google Scholar. There are innumerable references in Cobbett, W., Rural Rides, ed. G. D. H., and Cole, M., London 1930Google Scholar; e.g., i. 212, 217, 290; ii. 381, 443. Cf. Journal of a Somerset Rector, ed. Coombs, H. and Box, Arthur N., London 1930, 46, 104, 271.Google Scholar

^{page 67 note 2} E.g., K. S. Inglis's Churches and the working classes in Victorian England, London 1963, in which the rural working classes never appear, and who misses the point of Bunting's valid assertion that Methodism was primarily a rural system (12).

^{page 67 note 3} Lay tithe-owners were also involved, but when the remaining tithe was compulsorily commuted in 1836, three-quarters of the total value of £4,000,000 p.a. was in Church hands. Tithe was still a primarily ecclesiastical impost.

^{page 68 note 1} Reflections by a layman and farmer on the present state of certain of the clergy of the established church, London 1812, 5.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 2} Mavor, W., General view of the agriculture of Berkshire, London 1809, 92n.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 3} Gooch, W., General view of the agriculture of the county of Cambridge, London 1813, 35.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 4} Bailey, J., General view of the agriculture of the county of Durham, London 1813, 70Google Scholar; Farcy, J., General view of the agriculture of Derbyshire, London 1813, ii. 30.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 5} E.g., Duncumb, J., General view of the agriculture of the county of Hereford, London 1805, 36–7Google Scholar; Vancouver, C., General view of the agriculture of the county of Devon, London 1808, 110.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 6} Farey, The agriculture of Derbyshire, ii. 29. Cf. Davis, T., General view of the agriculture of Wiltshire, London 1811, 27.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 7} Bailey, J. and Culley, G., General view of the agriculture of the county of Cumberland, London 1805, 210Google Scholar; Pringle, A., General view of the agriculture of the county of Westmorland, London 1805, 305Google Scholar; Dickson, R. W. and Stevenson, W., General view of the agriculture of Lancashire, London 1815, 129Google Scholar; Holland, H., General view of the agriculture of Cheshire, London 1808, 104.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 8} Vancouver, C., General view of the agriculture of Hampshire, including the Isle of Wight, London 1810, 77Google Scholar, 80, 84–5, 87–9; Young, A., General view of the agriculture of the county of Sussex, London 1808, 31Google Scholar; Middleton, J., View of the agriculture of Middlesex, 2nd ed.London 1807, 86Google Scholar; Stevenson, W., General view of the agriculture of the county of Surrey, London 1809, 92, 94Google Scholar; Boys, J., General view of the agriculture of the county of Kent, 2nd ed.London 1805, 39, 40.Google Scholar

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^{page 69 note 1} M. Cove, An inquiry into … a commutation of tithes, Hereford 1800, 23, 50; W. Mavor, Berkshire Agriculture, 92; C. Vancouver, Devon Agriculture, 110.

^{page 69 note 2} Parliamentary debates, 3rd Series, xxvii. 200.

^{page 70 note 1} M. Cove, Inquiry into commutation of tithe, 5–6, 27. Cf. Young, A., A six months tour through the North of England, 2nd. ed.London 1771, iv. 334–6Google Scholar; Wedge, T., General view of the agriculture of the county palatine of Chester, London 1794, 69Google Scholar; J. Duncomb, Herefordshire Agriculture, 37; J. Boys, Kent Agriculture, 40; Edinburgh Review, xxxiv. 67–9.

^{page 70 note 2} Smith, Adam, Wealth of Nations, ed. Cannon, E., London 1904, ii. 322.Google Scholar

^{page 70 note 3} Parliamentary papers H.C. 1836 XLIV; Strickland, H. E., A general view of the agriculture of the East Riding of Torkshire, York 1812, 55.Google Scholar

^{page 70 note 4} There were about 50 less judicious commutations for corn rents after the wars were over.

^{page 70 note 5} For all these details see, Parliamentary papers H.C. 1836 XLIV.

^{page 71 note 1} J. Middleton, Middlesex Agriculture, 86–7. In other cases where the tithe-owners' claims were unacceptable, proprietors still proceeded, leaving the land subject to tithe as before: e.g., Davis, R., General view of the agriculture of Oxford, London 1794, 31Google Scholar. In Wales, where the enclosures were mostly of hill pasture, only 3 of the 119 enclosure acts provided for commutation: Jones, T. I. Jeffreys, Acts of Parliament concerning Wales, Cardiff 1959.Google Scholar

^{page 71 note 2} J. L., and Hammond, B., The Village Labourer, Guild Books ed., 1948, i. 54–5.Google Scholar

^{page 71 note 3} Parliamentary papers H.C. 1867 LIV.

^{page 71 note 4} Parliamentary papers H.C. 1887 LXIV.

^{page 72 note 1} V. Lavrovsky, ‘Tithe commutation as a factor in the gradual decrease of landownership by the English peasantry’, Economic History Review, iv. 289.

^{page 72 note 2} Clergy not only profited from enclosures but often helped to execute them as Commissioners: M. W. Beresford, ‘Commissioners of Enclosure’, Economic History Review, xvi. 139.

^{page 73 note 1} Omitting as totally unrepresentative the golden living of Winwick in the gift of the Earl of Derby, which, with 1, 264 acres, had more than half the glebe of the entire diocese.

^{page 73 note 2} Cobbet, Rural Rides, i. 168; ii. 383, 402, 406, 416, 441.

^{page 73 note 3} 57 Geo. III c.99.

^{page 73 note 4} Parliamentary papers H.L. 1818 XCIII, passim.

^{page 73 note 5} McClatchey, D., Oxfordshire clergy, 1777–1869, Oxford 1960, p. 22.Google Scholar

^{page 73 note 6} Quarterly Review, xxix. 551; cf. M. Cove, Inquiry into commutations of tithes, 47.

^{page 73 note 7} The diary of Benjamin Newton, Rector of Wath, 1816–1818, ed. Fendall, C. P. and Crutchley, E. A., Cambridge 1933, 51.Google Scholar

^{page 74 note 1} S., and Webb, B., English local government from the Revolution to the Municipal Coporations Act: the parish and county, London 1906, 384 n.2.Google Scholar

^{page 74 note 2} Mather, F. C., Public Order in the age of the Chartists, Manchester 1959, 179, 247.Google Scholar

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^{page 75 note 1} This poem was partly printed by J. W. Tibbie (in The poems of John Clare, London 1935, i. 542 f.Google Scholar) in a version in which the squire and parson are confused. I am indebted for a transcript of the MS. to the kindness of Mr. E. Robinson and Mr. G. Summerfield who are re-editing Clare's poems for the Clarendon Press.

^{page 76 note 1} The letters of John Clare, ed. J. W., and Tibble, Anne, London 1951, 161.Google Scholar

^{page 76 note 2} Reflections by a layman and a farmer on the present state of certain of the clergy of the established church, London 1812, 3–4.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 1} For the Board of Agriculture's analysis of these nostrums: Adams, L. P., Agricultural depression and farm relief in England, 1813–51, London 1932, 76–7.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 2} Parliamentary papers H.C. 1816 IV. Reprinted in Parliamentary debates, xxxiv. 1144–5.

^{page 77 note 3} Edmeads, W., National establishment, national security, or thoughts on the consequences of commuting tithes, Oxford 1816, 2Google Scholar: Parliamentary debates, xxxiv. 699–700. Cf. Edinburgh Review, xxvi. 277 f.

^{page 77 note 4} The sacred and indefeasible rights of the clergy, London 1817.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 5} Remarks on the consumption of public wealth by the clergy, 2nd ed.London 1822.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 1} Gaut, R. C., History of Worcestershire agriculture and rural evolution, Worcester 1939, 255Google Scholar; Times, 31 January 1835, 3; Quarterly Review, xxix. 556.

^{page 78 note 2} W. Edmeads, National Establishment…, 24. Cf. Parliamentary debates, n.s. xxiv. 825.

^{page 78 note 3} Edinburgh Review, xxxiv. 61 f.

^{page 78 note 4} Extraordinary Black Book, London 1832, 11–12.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 5} Quarterly Review, xliii. 252–3.

^{page 79 note 1} Parliamentary debates, n.s., xxiv. 821–2.

^{page 79 note 2} For a general account of the revolt: Hammond, The Village Labourer, chs. x and xi. Cf. Butler, J. R. M., The passing of the great Reform Bill, London 1914, 113 n.2, 130–2Google Scholar; Parliamentary debates, 3rd Series, i. 1316, 1333–4.

^{page 80 note 1} Times, 30 December 1830, 2.

^{page 80 note 2} Times, 29 August 1831, 5.

^{page 80 note 3} Some colleges became notorious for their actions, e.g. at Kendal (Parliamentary debates, 3rd Series, vi. 589–90, xx. 880; Parliamentary papers H.G. 1837 VI pp. 58–62; Times, 4 September 1833, 5) and Hornchurch (Parliamentary debates, 3rd Series, ii. 29–38).

^{page 80 note 4} Parliamentary debates, 3rd Series, xx. 608–10, 709–10, 794 f., 831–3, 868–71, 879–81.

^{page 80 note 5} Parliamentary papers H.C. 1833 XLIII.

^{page 80 note 6} Times, 30 August 1833, 2, 3.

^{page 80 note 7} Tithe Commutation Act, 6 and 7 William IV c.71 cl. xxxvii.

^{page 80 note 8} Times, 10 February 1831, 5.

^{page 80 note 9} Times, 17 November 1830, quoted in Hammond, Village Labourer, ii. 49.

^{page 81 note 1} Except in the backward county of Dorset, where almost a third of the population was at church on census day.

^{page 80 note 2} Horace Mann, who organised the census of religious worship in 1851, computed that not more than 58 per cent, of the community could attend church on any given Sunday: Census of Great Britain, 1851: Religious worship, Report, cxix–cxxi.