Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-lpg2g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T12:21:01.452Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cavity collapse in a liquid with solid particles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

N. K. Bourne and
J. E. Field
N. K. Bourne
Affiliation:
Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
J. E. Field
Affiliation:
Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
Get accessRights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An experimental study of the interaction of weak shock waves in a liquid with bubbles and solid particles has been conducted. Cavities were punched, and solid particles were cast, into a thin sheet of gelatine clamped between two transparent blocks. A shock of pressure 0.3 GPa was introduced by impacting the gelatine layer with a flyer plate. The subsequent collapse of the cavities was photographed using high-speed framing cameras, and waves in the gelatine were visualized using schlieren optics. Assorted cavity/particle geometries were studied. In the first, cavity and particle were aligned on an axis parallel to the incident shock front. The jet crossing the cavity was found to deviate from the perpendicular to the shock front. This deviation was towards the solid particle when separations were small and away from the particle when separations were increased. When a cavity was placed upstream of a solid particle the collapse time was reduced. Conversely, when a cavity was placed downstream of a solid particle, collapse time was increased and the closure was more symmetrical. These observations were explained in terms of wave reflections. Collapses where the cavity/particle axis was inclined to the incident shock showed features of each of the geometries described above.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 259 , 25 January 1994, pp. 149 - 165
Copyright
© 1994 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Avellan, F. & Karimi, A. 1987 Dynamics of vortex cavitation involved in the erosion of hydraulic machines. In Proc. 7th Intl. Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact (ed. J. E. Field & J. P. Dear), pp. 25-1–25-7. Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
Blake, J. R. & Gibson, D. C. 1987 Cavitation bubbles near boundaries. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 19, 99–123.Google Scholar
Blake, J. R. & Taib, B. B. & Doherty, G. 1986 Transient cavities near boundaries. Part 1. Rigid boundary. J. Fluid Mech. 170, 479–497.Google Scholar
Blake, J. R., Taib, B. B. & Doherty, G. 1987 Transient cavities near boundaries. Part 2. Free surface. J. Fluid Mech. 181, 197–212.Google Scholar
Bourne, N. K. 1989 Shock interactions with cavities. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
Bourne, N. K. & Field, J. E. 1989 Cavity collapse in a heterogeneous commercial explosive. In Proc. Ninth Symp. (Intl.) on Detonation, Portland, Oregon, pp. 869–878. Office of Naval Research, Washington.
Bourne, N. K. & Field, J. E. 1990 Cavity collapse in reactive and non-reactive media. In Proc. 19th Intl. Conf. on High-Speed Photography and Photonics, Cambridge, September, pp. 1046–1056. Soc. Photo Optical Instrumentation Engrs, 1358, Washington.
Bourne, N. K. & Field, J. E. 1992 Shock induced collapse of single cavities in liquids. J. Fluid Mech. 244, 225–240.Google Scholar
Brunton, J. H. 1967 Erosion by liquid shock. In Int. Conf. Rain Erosion (ed A. A. Fyall & R. B. King), pp. 821–823. R.A.E. Farnborough, UK.
Brunton, J. H. & Camus, J.-J. 1970 The application of high-speed photography to analysis of flow in cavitation and drop-impact studies, In Proc. Intl. Conf. High-Speed Photography (ed. W. G. Hyzer & W. G. Chase), pp. 444–449. Soc. Motion Picture & Television Engineers, New York.
Camus, J.-J. 1971 High-speed flow in impact and its effect on solid surfaces. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
Chaudhri, M. M., Almgren, L.-A. & Persson, A. 1982 High-speed photography of the interaction of shocks with voids in condensed media. In 15th Int. Congr. on High-Speed Photography and Photonics, San Diego, pp. 388–394. Soc. Photo Optical Instrumentation Engrs.
Dear, J. P. 1985 The fluid mechanics of high-speed impact. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.
Dear, J. P. & Field, J. E. 1986 A study of the collapse of arrays of cavities using two-dimensional gelatine configurations. In Proc. Intl. Symp. on Cavitation, Sendai, Japan (ed. H. Murai), pp. 89–94, Tohoku University.
Dear, J. P. & Field, J. E. 1988 A study of the collapse of arrays of cavities. J. Fluid Mech. 190, 409–425.Google Scholar
Field, J. E., Lesser, M. B. & Dear, J. P. 1985 Studies of two-dimensional liquid wedge impact and their relevance to liquid-drop impact problems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 401, 225–249.Google Scholar
Hansson, I., Kendrinskii, V. & Møsrch, K. A. 1982 On the dynamics of cavity clusters. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 15, 1725–1734.Google Scholar
Hansson, I. & Møsrch, K. A. 1980 The dynamics of cavity clusters in ultrasonic (vibratory) cavitation erosion. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 4651–4658.Google Scholar
Hutchings, I. M., Rochester, M. C. & Camus, J.-J. 1977 A rectangular bore gas-gun. J. Phys E: Sci. Instrum. 10, 455–457.Google Scholar
Kenn, M. J. 1983 Cavitation and cavitation damage in concrete structures. Proc. 6th Intl. Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact (ed. J. E. Field & N. S. Corney), pp. 12-1 to 12-6. Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge.
Leiper, G. A., Kirby, I. J. & Hackett, A. 1985 Determination of reaction rates in intermolecular explosives using the electromagnetic particle velocity gauge. In Proc. Eighth Symp. (Intl.) on Detonation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, July, pp. 187–195. Office of Naval Research, Washington.
Marsh, S. P. 1980 LASL Shock Hugoniot data. University of California Press.
Mørch, K. A. 1983 Fundamental aspects of the dynamics of cavitating liquids. Dr. Techn. thesis, Technical University of Denmark.
Mørch, K. A. 1987 The structure of cavity clusters and their damage capability. In Proc. 7th Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact (ed. J. E. Field & J. P. Dear), pp. 26-1–26-6. Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge.
Plesset, M. S. & Chapman, R. B. 1971 Collapse of an initially spherical vapour cavity in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary. J. Fluid Mech. 47, 283–290.Google Scholar
Rayleigh, Lord 1917 On the pressure developed during the collapse of a spherical cavity. Phil. Mag. 34, 94–98.Google Scholar
Taylor, P. A. 1985 The effects of material microstructure on the shock-sensitivity of porous granular explosives. In Proc. Eighth Symp. (Intl.) on Detonation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, July, pp. 26–33. Office of Naval Research, Washington.
Testud-Giovanneschi, P., Alloncle, A. P. & Dufresne, D. 1990 Collective effects of cavitation: Experimental study of bubble-bubble and bubble-shock waves interactions. J. Appl. Phys. 67, 3560–3564.Google Scholar
Tomita, Y., Shima, A. & Ohno, T. 1984 Collapse of multiple gas bubbles by a shock wave and induced impulsive pressures. J. Appl. Phys. 56, 125–131.Google Scholar
Wijngaarden, L. van 1972 One-dimensional flow of liquids containing small gas bubbles. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 4, 369–396.Google Scholar