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Lazy plumes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2005

G. R. HUNT
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
N. B. KAYE
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Abstract

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We examine the dynamics of turbulent lazy plumes rising from horizontal area sources and from vertically distributed line sources into a quiescent environment of uniform density. First, we consider plumes with internal buoyancy flux gain and, secondly, plumes from horizontal area sources that have significant momentum flux deficits. We re-cast the conservation equations of Morton et al. (1956) for a constant entrainment coefficient $(\alpha)$ in terms of three dimensionless parameters: the plume radius $\beta$; a parameter $\Gamma$ characterizing the local balance of momentum, buoyancy and volume fluxes; and a parameter $\Lambda$ that characterizes the rate of internal buoyancy flux gain with height. For a plume with a linear internal buoyancy flux gain with height the flow is shown to be a constant-velocity lazy plume. For highly lazy area sources we derive exact solutions for the key plume parameters in terms of $\Gamma$ and an approximate solution for the variation of $\Gamma$ with height. We show that near the source there is a region of zero entrainment.

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Type
Papers
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press