Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-tnzcf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T07:26:01.019Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Simple analytical relations for ship bow waves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2008

FRANCIS NOBLESSE,
GÉRARD DELHOMMEAU,
MICHEL GUILBAUD,
DANE HENDRIX and
CHI YANG
FRANCIS NOBLESSE
Affiliation:
David Taylor Model Basin, NSWCCD, West Bethesda, MD, USA
GÉRARD DELHOMMEAU
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides (UMR CNRS n6598), École Centrale, Nantes, France
MICHEL GUILBAUD
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Études Aérodynamiques (UMR CNRS n6609), Univ. de Poitiers, France
DANE HENDRIX
Affiliation:
David Taylor Model Basin, NSWCCD, West Bethesda, MD, USA
CHI YANG
Affiliation:
College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Simple analytical relations for the bow wave generated by a ship in steady motion are given. Specifically, simple expressions that define the height of a ship bow wave, the distance between the ship stem and the crest of the bow wave, the rise of water at the stem, and the bow wave profile, explicitly and without calculations, in terms of the ship speed, draught, and waterline entrance angle, are given. Another result is a simple criterion that predicts, also directly and without calculations, when a ship in steady motion cannot generate a steady bow wave. This unsteady-flow criterion predicts that a ship with a sufficiently fine waterline, specifically with waterline entrance angle 2αE smaller than approximately 25°, may generate a steady bow wave at any speed. However, a ship with a fuller waterline (25°<2αE) can only generate a steady bow wave if the ship speed is higher than a critical speed, defined in terms of αE by a simple relation. No alternative criterion for predicting when a ship in steady motion does not generate a steady bow wave appears to exist. A simple expression for the height of an unsteady ship bow wave is also given. In spite of their remarkable simplicity, the relations for ship bow waves obtained in the study (using only rudimentary physical and mathematical considerations) are consistent with experimental measurements for a number of hull forms having non-bulbous wedge-shaped bows with small flare angle, and with the authors' measurements and observations for a rectangular flat plate towed at a yaw angle.

Information

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 600 , 10 April 2008, pp. 105 - 132
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

References

REFERENCES

Brard, R. 1972 The representation of a given ship form by singularity distributions when the boundary condition on the free surface is linearized. J. Ship Res. 16, 79–92.Google Scholar
Bulgarelli, U. P. 2005 The application of numerical methods for the solution of some problems in free-surface hydrodynamics. J. Ship Res. 49, 288–301.Google Scholar
Çalişal, S. M. & Chan, J. L. K. 1989 A numerical modeling of ship bow waves. J. Ship Res. 33, 21–28.Google Scholar
Chapman, R. B. 1976 Free surface effects for yawed surface-piercing plate. J. Ship Res. 20, 125–136.Google Scholar
Dawson, C. W. 1977 A practical computer method for solving ship-wave problems. In Second Intl Conf. on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, Berkeley, CA, pp. 30–38.Google Scholar
Dong, R. R., Katz, J. & Huang, T. T. 1997 On the structure of bow waves on a ship model. J. Fluid Mech. 346, 77–115.Google Scholar
Farmer, J., Martinelli, L. & Jameson, A. 1993 A fast multigrid method for solving the nonlinear ship wave problem with a free surface. In Sixth Intl Conf. on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, Iowa City, IA.Google Scholar
Fontaine, E., Faltinsen, O. M. & Cointe, R. 2000 New insight into the generation of ship bow waves. J. Fluid Mech. 321, 15–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hino, T. 1997 An unstructured grid method for incompressible viscous flows with a free surface. AIAA Paper 97-0862.Google Scholar
Jensen, G., Bertram, V. & Söding, H. 1989 Ship wave-resistance computations. In Fifth Intl Conf. on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, Hiroshima, Japan, pp. 593–606.Google Scholar
Kajitani, H., Miyata, H., Ikehata, M., Tanaka, H., Adachi, H., Namimatsu, M. & Ogiwara, S. 1983 Second DTNSRDC Workshop on Ship Wave-Resistance Computations. David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, MD USA.Google Scholar
Karion, A., Sur, T. W., Fu, T. C., Furey, D. A., Rice, J. R. & Walker, D. C. 2003 Experimental study of the bow wave of a large towed wedge. In Eighth Intl Conf. on Numerical Ship Hydrodynamics, Busan, Korea.Google Scholar
Landrini, M. 2006 Strongly nonlinear phenomena in ship hydrodynamics. J. Ship Res. 50, 99–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larrarte, F. 1994 Étude expérimentale et théorique des profils de vagues le long d'une carène. Thèse de doctorat, Univ. de Nantes et École Centrale de Nantes.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. H. 1985 Collected experimental resistance component and flow data for three surface ship model hulls. David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Rep. DTNSRDC-85/011.Google Scholar
Maniar, H., Newman, J. N. & Xu, H. 1991 Free-surface effects on a yawed surface-piercing plate. Eighteenth Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics 273–283. National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Muscari, R. & Di Mascio, A. 2004 Numerical modelling of breaking waves generated by a ship's hull. J. Mar. Sci. Tech. 9, 158–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noblesse, F. 1983 A slender-ship theory of wave resistance. J. Ship Res. 27, 13–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noblesse, F. & Dagan, G. 1976 Nonlinear ship-wave theories by continuous mapping. J. Fluid Mech. 75, 347–371.Google Scholar
Noblesse, F., Hendrix, D., Faul, L. & Slutsky, J. 2006 Simple analytical expressions for the height, location, and steepness of a ship bow wave. J. Ship Res. 50, 360–370.Google Scholar
Noblesse, F., Delhommeau, G., Guilbaud, M. & Yang, C. 2008 The rise of water at a ship stem. J. Ship Res., in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogilvie, T. F. 1967 Nonlinear high-Froude number free-surface problems. J. Engng Maths 1, 215–235.Google Scholar
Ogilvie, T. F. 1973 The wave generated by a fine ship bow. Ninth Intl Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics pp. 1483–1524. National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Queutey, P. & Visonneau, M. 2007 An interface capturing method for free-surface hydrodynamic flows. Computers Fluids 36, 1481–1510.Google Scholar
Raven, H. C. 1999 Inviscid calculations of ship wave making capabilities, limitations, and prospects. Twenty-Second Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics pp. 27–42. National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Roth, G. I., Mascenik, D. T. & Katz, J. 1999 Measurements of the flow structure and turbulence within a ship bow wave. Phys. Fluids, 11, 3512–3523.Google Scholar
Scragg, C. A. & Talcott, J. 1991 Numerical solution of the Dawson free-surface problem using Havelock singularities. Eighteenth Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics, pp. 259–283. National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Standing, R. G. 1974 Phase and amplitude discrepancies in the surface wave due to a wedge-ended hull form. J. Fluid Mech. 62, 625–642.Google Scholar
Subramani, A., Beck, R. & Scorpio, S. 1999 Fully nonlinear free-surface computations for arbitrary and complex hull forms. Twenty-Second Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics, pp. 47–58. National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Tuck, E. O. 1966 Shallow-water flows past slender bodies. J. Fluid Mech. 26, 81–95.Google Scholar
Tulin, M. P. & Landrini, M. 2001 Breaking waves in the ocean and around ships. Twenty Third Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics. National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Waniewski, T. A., Brennen, C. E. & Raichlen, F. 2002 Bow wave dynamics. J. Ship Res. 46, 1–15.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. V., Carrica, P. M. & Stern, F. 2006 URANS simulations for a high-speed transom stern ship with breaking waves. Intl J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 20, 105–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyatt, D. C. 2000 Development and assessment of a nonlinear wave prediction methodology for surface vessels. J. Ship Res. 44, 96–107.Google Scholar
Xu, H. 1991 A potential flow solution for a yawed surface-piercing plate. J. Fluid Mech. 226, 291–317.Google Scholar
Yang, C. & Löhner, R. 2002 Calculation of ship sinkage and trim using a finite element method and unstructured grids. Intl J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 16, 217–227.Google Scholar