¹ Dodds, E. R., ‘Classical Teaching in an Altered Climate’ in Proceedings of the Classical Association (John Murray, London 1964).Google Scholar The attitude towards accent is defeatist, out of step with what is now known and out of tune, I am confident, with the temper of modern youth.

² Laum, B., Das alexandrinische Akzentuationssystem (Paderborn 1928)Google Scholar and Schwyzer, E., Griechische Grammatik i (Beck, Munchen 1938/1953/1959) 372 ff.Google Scholar

³ Barrett, W. S., Euripides' Hippolytos (Oxford 1964), Appendix 2.Google Scholar

⁴ Erasmus, , De recta Latini Graecique sermonis pronuntiatione Dialogus (Basle 1528; reprinted in Havercamp's Sylloge ii 1–180)Google Scholar makes no clear decision for pitch accent in pronunciation. Vossius, Isaac, De Poematum cantu et viribus rhythmi (anonymously, Oxford 1673)Google Scholar argued that Greek accent marks had nothing to do with pronunciation. Henning, H. C., ἙΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΣ ὈΡΘΩΙΔΟΣ (1684)Google Scholar accepted Voss, concluding ‘ergo, ut Latine pronunciamus, ita et Graece erit pronunciandum’. I owe this neat summary to Professor W. S. Allen.

⁵ Maas, P., Greek Metre, trsl. Lloyd-Jones, (Oxford 1962) 55–8.Google Scholar

⁶ Ellis, A. J., The English, Dionysian and Hellenic pronunciations of Greek (1876).Google Scholar The only copy of this tract I have been able to find in England is in the British Museum. There is a copy in theLibrary of Trinity College, Dublin. Ellis was a stimulating nineteenth century ‘original’; besides inventing the indispensable tool of trigonometrical cents for musical interval, he proposed to ‘step out ofour bottomless English bog (of Greek pronunciation) on to the firm embankment of the Roman-Greek period c. 125 B.C.– c. A.D. 375.’

⁷ Rouse, W. H. D., The Sounds of Ancient Greek and Passages from the Greek Classics (Linguaphone Institute, Regent Street, London; Rockefeller Plaza, N.Y., undated).Google Scholar

⁸ de comp. verb., Usener-Radermacher ii pp. 40–1.

⁹ Galton, H., ‘The fixation of the Accent in Latin and Greek’ in Z. Phonetik xvi (1962) 273–99.Google Scholar I can only hope that I have not damaged by constriction the grand sweep of Galton's argument.

¹⁰ Ruipérez, M. S., ‘Cantidad silábica y métrica estructural en griego antiguo’ in Emerita xxiii (1955).Google Scholar

¹¹ Allen, W. S., Phonetics in Ancient India (O.U.P., London, 1953/1961)Google Scholar; Vox Latina (C.U.P., 1965); ‘On Quantity and Quantitative Verse’ (In Honour of Daniel Jones [1964] 3–15); and especially ‘A Problem of Greek Accentuation’ (In Memory of J. R. Firth [1966] 8 ff.).

W. S. Allen's Vox Graeca, which has appeared since the writing of this article is obviously an invaluable text for school and university alike: here for the first time the learner of Classical Greek has a ready opportunity of getting at the essence of what learning another language is about—by crossing a thresholdinto a totally new room of experience.

If the strangeness and beauty of its vowels and consonants are appreciated and mastered according to Allen's recommendations, nothing but good could come from experimenting with the rise and fall in tone according tothe word accent; thus aiming to encompass the whole quality of the language and—in this of all languages—to enhance its verse-patterns.

¹² See note 9.

¹³ ‘Théorie du rhythme et ton en indo-européen’ in Bulletin dela Société de Linguistique (BSL) xxxxi (1931) 2.

¹⁴ Galton, op. cit. 275–80.

¹⁵ Hermann, E., Silbenbildung, im Griechischen etc. (Cottingen 1923) 79Google Scholar; Lejeune, M., Traité de phonétique grecque (Paris 1947/1955) 239, 299.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Meillet, , Les origines indo-européennes des métres grecs (Paris 1923) 63.Google Scholar

¹⁷ W. S. Allen, ‘A Problem of Greek Accentuation’ (see note 11) 13.

¹⁸ Chandler, H. W., A Practical Introduction to Greek Accentuation (Oxford, 2nd ed., 1881)Google Scholar, expresses in his prefaces with magnificent urbanity the frustration of laborious observation without understanding.

¹⁹ Sonnenschein, E. A., A Greek Grammar for Schools, Part I (London, Kegan Paul, 1929) 132.Google Scholar

²⁰ θέσις (mistranslated by the Latin Grammarians as positio) was an alternative to νόμος in the φύσις–νόμος Nature-Convention contrast of the Greek philosophers (Liddell, and Scott, , θέσις v 3Google Scholar).

²¹ Vendryes, , Traité d'accentuation grecque (Paris 1904) 55.Google Scholar

²² W. S. Allen, op. cit. (note 17) 8.

²³ Bars numbered as in Jan, 's supplement to Musici scriptores Graeci (Hildesheim 1962).Google Scholar

²⁴ Kitto, H. D. F., CR lvi (1942) 99–109.Google Scholar

²⁵ Dale, A. M., Lustrum ii (1957) 20.Google Scholar

²⁶ P. Maas, op. cit. (note 5 above) 55, note 2.

²⁷ Popperwell, R. G., Pronunciation of Norwegian (C.U.P. 1963) 13.Google Scholar

²⁸ The Harmonics of Aristoxenos, ed. Macran, H. S. (Oxford 1902) chs. 1–18.Google Scholar

²⁹ Pöhlmann, E., Wiener Studien, Lesky Festschrift (1966).Google Scholar

³⁰ Sturtevant, E. H., Pronunciation of Greek and Latin (Ling. Soc. of America, Philadelphia, 1940)Google Scholar, chapter iv, ‘The Greek Accent’, sections 106 and 110.

³¹ W. S. Allen, op. cit. (note 17) 9.

³² Musurgia Records, Theory Series A. No. 1. ‘The Theory of Classical Greek Music’ by F. A. Kuttner and J. M. Barbour (309, West 104th Street, N.Y. 25, N.Y., U.S.A.).

³³ Marrou, H. I., Histoire de l'éducation dans l'antiquité (Paris 1948; English tr., London 1956).Google Scholar

³⁴ Mountford, J. F. in Powell, and Barber, , New Chapters in the History of Greek literature, Second Series (Oxford 1929)Google Scholar, defending the practice of subduing music to ‘word melody’, objected to any idea of decadence.

³⁵ Winnington-Ingram, R. P., Lustrum iii (1958) 42–3.Google Scholar

³⁶ Thus Mountford, op. cit. (note 34) 165: ‘it is a remarkable fact that if the statement of Dionysius were entirely reversed, it would be more nearly applicable to the relation between word-accents and melody in our fragments’. Winnington-Ingram quotes this—what I can only call ‘speciously objective’—statement in Symb. Osl. (see note 43) 65.

³⁷ Ring, F., ‘Zur altgriechischen Solmisationslehre’ in Archiv für Musikforschung iii (1938) 193–208.Google Scholar

³⁸ See Aeschines, , In Ctesiphontem 209, 210.Google Scholar

³⁹ R. G. Popperwell (op. cit., note 27) 151 ff.

⁴⁰ Roberts, W. Rhys, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, on Literary Composition (Macmillan 1910) 126–7.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Op. cit. (note 6).

⁴² Op. cit. (note 7).

⁴³ Winnington-Ingram, R. P., Symbolae Osloenses xxxi (1955), Appendix II, 65–6.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ E. H. Sturtevant (op. cit., see note 30 above), sec. 106a, note 9.

⁴⁵ Postgate, J. P., A Short Guide to the Accentuation of Ancient Greek (London 1924) 9.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Kuttner and Barbour, op. cit. (see note 32 above) 26.

⁴⁷ Op. cit. (note 43).

⁴⁸ Op. cit. (note 17).

⁴⁹ It was chiefly the late John Davison's matchless generosity and unfailing enthusiasm and encouragement that helped me to persevere in present ing what I think is the first attempt at a synoptic view of the Greek accent. So by kind permission of the Registrar of that Institution, I give my address as Davison's own beloved University of Leeds, to pay a debt of gratitude that is out of all proportion to the few scattered occasions on which I could visit him there in the flesh from my own far distant wilds.