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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2026
The notion of deep structure has served to crystallize a number of recent controversies in syntactic theory. This paper examines several arguments which have appeared in the literature, chiefly in Chomsky's ‘Some empirical issues in the theory of transformational grammar’, in support of the notion. It concludes that these arguments are not compelling, and that the issue of the existence of deep structure is not an empirical one at present.