Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
It is generally recognized that Italian meschino and French mesquin go back to Arab, miskîn ‘poor, humble, submissive’. To Semitists it is obvious, moreover, that the latter form cannot be a direct, inner-Arabic development from one of the roots which appear as skn. The adjective is found also in Ethiopic and Aramaic (meskîn), and in Hebrew (miskên); now if the Arab, form had been derived from skn ‘dwell, rest’, the Heb. and Aram, cognates would have displayed š (from škn), in accordance with the normal laws of correspondence between the Northwest-Sem. and Arab, sibilants. Since, however, the Heb. and Aram, forms of the adjective in question are written with the samek-sign. (s, which remains unchanged in the Sem. languages), the word cannot be related to s/škn 'dwell, etc.'; Arab, sakuna 'to be poor' is thus clearly a separate root, in all probability a denominative.
1 Cf. Gesen.-Buhl, Heb. u. Aram. Handwörterbuch16 440.
2 Cf. Knudtzon, Die El-Amarna-Tafeln 62. 37.
3 Cf. e.g. Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi I. 1. rev. 63.
4 Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 4. 271.
5 Bergstrasser, Einführung in die Sem. Sprachen 21. This phonetic change is an accomplished fact by the middle of the second millennium b.c.
6 A more significant name would be ‘the that-conjugation’.
7 Bergstrasser 20 f.
8 This applies especially to the ‘causative’ conjugation.