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Metrical Prominence Asymmetries in MedɄmba, A Grassfields Bantu Language

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

Kathryn Franich
Kathryn Franich*
Affiliation:
University of Delaware
*
[kfranich@udel.edu]
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Abstract

There has been considerable debate as to whether word-level metrical prominence asymmetries are a universal feature of languages. African tone languages have been at the heart of this debate, as many of these languages do not show clear phonetic evidence of lexical stress. This article explores metrical prominence asymmetries in Medʉmba, a Grassfields Bantu language, by examining such asymmetries through the lens of speech timing. Forged within a dynamical model of metrical structure, a metronome-based phrase-repetition task known as SPEECH CYCLING is used to investigate the relative timing of syllables hypothesized to be metrically prominent and metrically weak. Previous research using the task has shown that metrically prominent syllables are attracted to certain relative positions within a repetition cycle. Results of two experiments show that foot heads in Medʉmba also show this behavior, supporting their status as metrically prominent. These results suggest that true metrical prominence asymmetries exist in a broader range of languages than previously thought, and that relative timing serves as an important unifying property of metrical structure crosslinguistically.

Keywords

metrical structureprominenceaccentspeech timingGrassfields BantuMedʉmba

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Language , Volume 97 , Issue 2 , June 2021, pp. 365 - 402
Copyright
Copyright © 2021 Linguistic Society of America

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Footnotes

*

Many thanks to John Goldsmith, Jeff Good, and Alan Yu for valuable feedback as this work was in development, and to Jennifer Cole and Fred Cummins for very useful discussion. Thanks also to Joe Toscano and Colin Wilson for advice on statistical modeling, and to audiences at AMP 2018, ACAL 2019, the University of Chicago, the University of Delaware, Yale University, Villanova University, Keio University, the International Christian University, and Boston University for comments and discussion. Thanks to Jacob Phillips for his detailed reading of multiple drafts and to Hermann Keupdjio for contributing feedback on the work and judgments about the Bazou dialect of Medʉmba. Thanks to Andries Coetzee, Khalil Iskarous, and two referees for very clear and helpful feedback on the manuscript. All errors are of course my own. Finally, many thanks to the many Medʉmba speakers who welcomed me into their community and generously contributed their time to participate in the research. Special thanks to Ange Bergson Lendja and Ariane Ngabeu for helping to facilitate the work. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Linguistics Program Grant No. BCS-1423865 (co-PIs: Kathryn Franich and Alan C. L. Yu). The National Science Foundation does not necessarily endorse the ideas and claims in this article.

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