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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2026
In the markedness model of SPE (Chomsky & Halle 1968), redundancy rules lose their ability to characterize regularities and must convert ‘optimal’ phonemes to ‘real’ ones. Lexical redundancy and low-level segmental redundancy are confused in the SPE model, in which values are specified for all features in lexical matrices. In assigning values to features with no phonetic correlates in certain major classes, absolute marking conventions create unnatural classes and unpronounceable segments; their output should be expressed in u's, and interpretive marking conventions should assign values only to meaningful features.