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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2026
Several syntactic rules in English are sensitive to the difference between pronouns and full NP's, and they sometimes must apply before anaphora relations can be determined. If anaphoric pronouns and their antecedents are derived from identical underlying forms (such as variables), then these rules cannot apply correctly, because they will be unable to distinguish between anaphors and antecedents. This argument does not depend crucially on the usual ordering assumptions. No such argument applies, however, to a theory in which pronouns are present in deep structure and are associated with antecedents by means of an interpretive rule.