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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
A study of the case of comparison would not be complete without taking into account the remarks that scholars, beginning with Grimm, have made about a possible genitive or an instrumental of comparison. One cannot read a grammatical treatise touching upon comparison without encountering rather annoying hints about the possibility of a true genitive of comparison in Germanic.
page 85 note 1 J. M. Kemble, Dialogues of Salomon and Saturnus. London : Ælfric Soc., 1848.
page 87 note 1 ‘More cruel and revenous than all the animals.‘
page 91 note 1 For a full discussion of this function, with examples, see Small, Inequality 149.
page 92 note 1 See MLN 41.302 n. The MSS of the Chronicle in which two examples occur, abound in arbitrary abbreviations and shortcuts.
page 92 note 2 The distribution of the fifty or more occurrences of the formula, þon leofre þe, etc., is widespread in both the prose and the poetry (see my article PMLA 45, part 2, for details). Therefore, if it is to be maintained that the particle þe stands for ponne, we may justly expect the holder of such a view to demonstrate that þe could be substituted for the particle of comparison in general usage outside the formula which we are at present examining.
page 92 note 3 The only discussion of this construction that has appeared since the publication of my article on the subject in MLN 41.300 ff. (1925) is that of H. W. Fowler in his Dictionary of Modern Usage, 641 ff. (Oxford, 1926). Mr. Fowler there interprets the Modern English use of the before the comparative (‘ He is all the better for it ‘), and it is significant to know that he agrees precisely with the conclusion reached in the above-mentioned article. His interpretation is based upon a long study of Modern English usage; mine, upon exhaustive research on the historical side.
page 93 note 1 This is probably a reference to Dietrich's article in Haupts Zeitschrift 11. 405. Dietrich tried to prove in that article that OE þon and hwon were originally accusatives, which theory if true might have been unfavorable to Bosworth' s reading of þon, þan, as the case of comparison.
page 94 note 1 I say ‘wavering’ because, after disagreeing with Dietrich's explanation, he says, ' at all events one could conceive þan in this connexion, etc. ', meaning by ' this connexion ', as I take it, Dietrich's theory of the accusative.
page 95 note 1 That is, the first part only (þon ma, þy ma, þe ma, etc.) of our longer expression.