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A Cross-Language Acoustic Space for Vocalic Phonation Distinctions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

Patricia Keating ,
Jianjing Kuang ,
Marc Garellek ,
Christina M. Esposito  and
Sameer ud Dowla Khan
Patricia Keating*
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
Jianjing Kuang*
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Marc Garellek*
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Christina M. Esposito*
Affiliation:
Macalester College
Sameer ud Dowla Khan*
Affiliation:
Reed College
*
Department of Linguistics, 3125 Campbell Hall, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90095-1543, [keating@humnet.ucla.edu]
[kuangj@ling.upenn.edu]
[mgarellek@ucsd.edu]
[esposito@macalester.edu]
[skhan@reed.edu]
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Abstract

Many languages use phonation types for phonemic or allophonic distinctions. This study examines the acoustic structure of the phonetic space for vowel phonations across languages. Our sample of eleven languages includes languages with contrastive modal, breathy, creaky, lax, tense, harsh, and/or pharyngealized phonations, and languages with allophonic nonmodal phonation on particular tones. In compiling and analyzing this sample we address related issues such as contrast vs. allophony, phonetic similarity across languages, and understanding complex contrasts of several multidimensional phonetic categories via data reduction. Based on extensive acoustic analysis, all of the languages' phonations were mapped into a single phonetic space, which exhibits dispersion (languages with more categories use more of the space). The space is largely two-dimensional, with dimensions that can be interpreted phonetically (e.g. dimension 2 is like a traditional breathy-to-creaky continuum) and also can be related back to the acoustic measures that structure them, thus indicating which acoustic measures are most important across languages.

Keywords

phonetic typologyphonation typesvoice qualityphonetic categoriesbreathy voicecreaky voice

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Type
Research Article
Information
Language , Volume 99 , Issue 2 , June 2023 , pp. 351 - 389
Copyright
Copyright © 2023 Linguistic Society of America

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