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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
1 Fors in the Latin alphabet beside z in the native alphabets, when the latter comes from secondary ts, see Buck, A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian 86.
2 So Von Planta, Grammatik der oskisch-umbrischen Dialekte 2.459; Buck, Gramm. 149; Brugmann, IF 34.405.
3 See Sommer, Handbuch der lateinischen Laut- und Formenlehre2 273; Leumann, Stolz-Schmalz lat. Gramm.5176 f.
4 Walde, Lat. etymologisches Wörterbuch2 s.v. uspiam; Ernout and Meillet, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine s.v. ut.
5 Sommer, Handbuch2 248; Buck, Gramm. 85.
6 Sturtevant, Lang. 8.4.
7 See Götze, IF 41.133-42; Leumann, Stolz-Schmalz lat. Gramm.5 94. For potest from potis est, see id. 310 f.
8 See Götze, IF 41.123-6.
9 KZ 32.408-11 (1893).
10 See especially Buck, CR 27.125 f.
11 Lang. 8.1-10.
12 Ernout and Meillet, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine, s.v. ut, derive utī from *uta-i, which seems a gratuitous complication.