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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
Linguists, like many other people who feel called upon to talk about language, are in the habit of saying that speech activity is continuously variable in nature. Having said this, they proceed to describe particular samples of speech as sequences of events which they isolate on the basis of either articulatory definitions or acoustic definitions, or both. In carrying out this operation they are not seriously inconvenienced by the continuous aspect of speech: the fact that boundaries between any two of the elementary events composing an utterance cannot be fixed with exactness does not constitute a problem for them. They may occasionally use metaphoric expressions such as ‘overlapping phones’ and ‘slurring’, by way of acknowledging the continuously varying character of speech; but the function of such expressions is to justify the keeping of a discrete representation in the face of any demonstration that the physical segmentation of speech is hopeless. (That it is in fact not hopeless at all is beside the point here.) Speech may indeed be continuously varying when looked at in the laboratory, but the basic fact about speech is that human beings can hear it as a sequence of auditory fractions. Linguists may divide an utterance into a larger number of fractions than other listeners do, but even linguists have never been forced to concede the inadequacy of a discrete representation on the ground that it did not account explicitly for the physical continuous character of speech.
1 See Bloomfield, Language 76; Harris, Methods in descriptive linguistics 25; Hockett, Manual of phonology 5.
2 I exclude from consideration here the proposal that they be isolated by a process of magnetic-tape cutting and splicing which would by-pass the need for phonetic description of either kind.
3 Certain instructions which the phonetic purist might insist upon—e.g. those regarding tempo of articulation, general posture of the articulating organs when ‘in neutral’, and general state of muscle tension—are irrelevant to linguistic description.
4 For example Pike, Phonemic status of English diphthongs, Lg. 23.157 fn. 15; Bloch, A set of postulates for phonemic analysis, Lg. 24.4.
5 Peterson, An oral communication model, Lg. 31.427, is of a different opinion, and warns that such an eventuality is possible to the point of posing ‘considerable danger’.
6 The Pattern Playback is described by Liberman, Delattre, and Cooper, The role of selected stimulus-variables in the perception of the unvoiced stop consonants, Amer. jour. of psychology 65.497-516.
7 Delattre, Liberman, and Cooper, Voyelles synthétiques à deux formantes et voyelles cardinales, Le maître phonétique III.29.30-6 (1951).