¹ This article is based on a paper presented to the Yale Linguistic Club in December 1959. Field work in Marathi was done in Poona during 1958–9 on a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship.

² See M. B. Emeneau, India as a linguistic area, Lg. 32.3–16 (1956).

³ I. M. P. Raeside, The Marathi ‘compound verb’, Indian linguistics, Turner Jubilee Volume 237–48 (1958).

⁴ See Zellig S. Harris, Co-occurrence and transformation in linguistic structure, Lg. 33.283–340 (1957).

⁵ The transcription is approximately phonemic, but intonation and stress are not indicated. For clarity of exposition, combinations of verb plus auxiliary are given in a mor-phophonemic transcription; e.g. zato ohe instead of the normally contracted zatoe or zatohe. Juncture is indicated by space or +. Brackets and hyphen are not part of the phonemic transcription.

⁶ Raeside's list of auxiliaries excludes some forms, e.g. əsava, which are included as Aux here; see below the discussion of rule K₃ and Raeside's footnote 28.

⁷ I adopt as a model the type of descriptive statement used by Noam Chomsky in Syntactic structures (The Hague, 1957).

⁸ The arrow means ‘to be rewritten as’; see Chomsky.

⁹ Listed in Ashok R. Kelkar, The phonology and morphology of Marathi 159 ff. (Cornell University diss., 1958; mimeographed). The terms ‘perfective’ and ‘imperfective’ are used here in preference to Kelkar's ‘present’ and ‘past’.

¹⁰ Kelkar, Chapter 2 (47–73).

¹¹ The relative order of operation of rules is of course a matter of descriptive economy, not of actual sequence in time. The formulation of concord rules is treated in the writer's paper, Verbal Concord in Marathi, read at the meeting of the Linguistic Society of America in Chicago in December 1959.

¹² Kelkar 159 ff.

¹³ Sentences generated by rules K-K₄ are in their basic form, and are subject to certain optional transformations involving the omission or rearrangement of morphemes or words. An example of omission is the optional zeroing of Np (a generally applicable rule), which would derive from sentence 3 above the sentences tyana khalla nahi 'he didn't eat (it)' and bhat khalla nahi '(somebody) didn't eat the rice', khalla nahi ‘(somebody) didn't eat (it)‘. Various optional rearrangements of grammatical words are possible, such as bhat tyanə khalla nahi, tyanə bhat nahi khalla, but more investigation is needed before general transformational rules can be formulated to cover these situations. Cf. Raeside's fn. 27.

¹⁴ And by effecting the necessary concord adjustments.

¹⁵ Such limitations include the nonoccurrence of an ‘inanimate’ Np like svatəntry ‘independence’ with a Vp containing V → pi- ‘drink’. Cf. Chomsky §§5.3–4.

¹⁶ See Raeside's final note (47–8).

¹⁷ In view of the available data I question Raeside's statement (248) to the effect that the V ₂ class in these constructions (with Aff → -un) is more limited than the V ₁ class.

¹⁸ The sentence məla he pahiže is to be considered part of the kernel grammar of Marathi, not one generated by rules K-K₄. Additional rules are required to generate sentences containing ‘impersonal’ V like pahiže ‘be needed’, nəko ‘be not needed’, vaət- ‘be thought, felt’, miəl- ‘be gotten’.