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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 March 2026
In this reply to Harms 1973, a critical look is taken at Harms' arguments against ‘abstract phonology’. Particular attention is focused on his unwarranted dismissal of the data from borrowing. In addition, it is argued that considerations of simplicity or economy do not provide any significant insights into the problem at hand. Finally, a modified approach to Nupe palatalization and labialization is outlined.