¹ IF 52.131–6 (1934).

² In his revision of Meillet's Gram. du Vieux-Perse §282 (1931).

³ Riv. Stud. Or. 14.320 (1933).

⁴ Kent, JAOS 62.266–9.

⁵ ‘Armenia’ is nsm. Armina DB 1.15, etc.; asm. Arminam DB 2.30, 32, 50, 52; 1sm. Arminiyaiy DB 2.59, 63, and Armⁱniyaiy DB 2.33f, 39, 44, 48. The loc. Arminaiy would have been written ar^amⁱin^aiy^a, which would also represent nsm. Arminiya ‘an Armenian’ (found DB 2.89, just after the occurrences of the locative); perhaps this accounts for the avoidance of the locative of the shorter stem.

⁶ 9.61.10.

⁷ Gram. du Vieux Perse §308, in the original edition (1915) and in Benveniste's revision (1931); he has a detailed argument somewhere, but I have been unable to locate it.

⁸ Kent, Lang. 15.176.

⁹ Kent, JAOS 62.269–70.

¹⁰ Bartholomae, Altiranisches Wörterbuch 414 s.v., for forms and occurrences.

¹¹ Herzfeld, Altpersische Inschriften 4–13 and Plates 3–5; Kent, Lang. 15.160–77.

¹² Cf. Bartholomae, Grundriss d. iran. Phil. 1.§223.

¹³ Cf. Av. aš- ‘eye (of daevic being)‘, dual aši, instr. du. ašibya (Gathic ašibyā), Bthl. AiW 229; Skt. instr. du. akṣībhyām, RV 10.163.1; and Bthl. Gdr. l.§223.

¹⁴ Bthl. AiW 583.

¹⁵ Bthl. AiW 486; the only variation is *-abyā agreeing with Skt. -ābhyām, *-aibyā agreeing with other Avestan forms.

¹⁶ With or without -s or -t, neither of which would be written in OP when final after .

¹⁷ RV 10.163.1.

¹⁸ Cf. King and Thompson, The Inscription of Darius the Great 36 n. 5.

¹⁹ Cf. Weissbach, ZDMG 61.726, and Meillet, MSLP 19.348–9; wrongly Wackernagel, KZ 61.205–8.

²⁰ King and Thompson 36 n. 4.

²¹ MSLP 19.58–59 (1916); Gram. du Vieux Perse §59, §119, §129 (1915). He was aided toward this reading by Weissbach's more daring emendation to uzbānam (ZDMG 61.726 [1907], kept in his Keilinschriften der Achämeniden 38 [1911]), which however lacks all probability.

²² XPh 38; cf. Lang. 13.301.

²³ Meillet, Gram. du Vieux Perse §9–§10, in the original edition (1915) and in Benveniste's revision (1931).

²⁴ KZ 50.260–262 (1922); his view is adopted by Benveniste in his revision of Meillet's GVP §129 (1931).

²⁵ Tolman, Ancient Persian Lexicon 56–7; Weissbach, Keilinschriften der Achämeniden xxii, 104–5.

²⁶ Herzfeld, Altpersische Inschriften 24 No. 12, and Plate 8.

²⁷ Herzfeld's transcription, page 24, has karšaya, but the mechanical reproduction in Plate 8 shows clearly k^ar^aš^ay^aa = karšayā.

²⁸ Only in Hesychius, who glosses it Ἀσιανόν νόμισμα ‘an Asian coin’. Greek νόμισμα originally meant ‘custom or institution established by usage’, and still has this meaning in many passages, but was commonly used to denote ‘legal coinage’ or ‘coin’ of a state. It is applied to a specific standard other than that of coinage, only in Aristophanes, Thesmoph. 348, where it seems to mean ‘full legal measure’ of bulk quantity, but does not necessarily mean more than ‘normal standard’. If, as is likely, νόμισμα means ‘coin’ in the Hesychian gloss, the kersa-coin could hardly have had the weight of the karša- of Darius: a three-ounce coin would be unduly valuable unless of a base metal, and in any case would be too heavy for convenient use. To get a value as a coin-name, then, the word karša- must have been attached (in the way in which I indicate later in my article) also to some other unit much inferior in weight to that of the OP weight-inscriptions. It was by such a double use that Latin uncia has given to English both inch as a unit of extent and ounce as a measure of weight.

²⁹ Skt. krṣ-; Avestan ¹karš- ‘trahere’ (Bartholomae, AiW 456).

³⁰ Gray, JAOS 20.55; Erich F. Schmidt, Treasury of Persepolis 62.

³¹ Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dict. 210 col. 3, s.v. karsha.

³² The cardinals are never written out in the OP inscriptions, but are indicated by special numerical signs; exception, acc. sing. masc. aivam ‘one’ in a formulaic title.

³³ If more than one; cf. I : rauca ‘one day’, mentioned above.

³⁴ XL partly by restoration, and XX entirely so; but the numerals are assured by the Akkadian version, which is here well preserved.

³⁵ See Lang. 15.176–8 for the normalization arašaniš and its interpretation as instrumental .

³⁶ Reichelt, Awestisches Elementarbuch §518; Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar §303a.