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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 April 2026
[Effort to define these terms and their relation to each other. Stress is laid on the fact that each has both a phonetic and a semantic aspect, neither of which must be unduly emphasized.]
1 Cf. Vendryes, Language, tr. by Radin 56 f.; Scripture (Karsten), Elements of Experimental Phonetics, 127 (1904).
2 See elsewhere in this article.
3 Cf., e.g., L. Bloomfield, An Introduction to the study of language 99, 103 (1914).
4 This is admitted by Meillet, at least in regard to the IE morphological word. See his Étude comparat, des langues indo-europ. 106-7. His restriction is merely due to the fact that he does not stop to consider the systematic character of the simple word.
5 Cf. also L. Weisgerber, ‘Vorschläge zur Methode und Terminologie der Wortforschung,‘ Idg. Forschungen 46. 305-25 (1920).
6 For much of the terminology used here see Ogden and Richards, The Meaning of Meaning, New York, 1923.
7 Cf. elsewhere in this article.
8 Cf. L. Weisgerber, 314.
9 Cf. Ammann, H., Die menschliche Rede 1.66 f. (1925).
10 Cf. H. Ammann, 1.46.
11 Cf. Ogden and Richards 187 f.
12 Cf. H. Ammann 1.29, 30, 44f.
13 Cf. F. de Saussure, Cours de Linguistique générale 170 f. (1922); also H. J. Pos, Zur Logik der Sprachwissenschaft 53f. (Heidelberg, 1922).
14 Cf. E. Sapir, ‘Sound-Patterns in Language,‘ Language 1. 37-52 (1925).
15 It is understood that the radicals referred to here are not those which the etymologist would analytically establish.
16 Cf. e.g. Sayce, Principles of Compar. Philol. 1 131, and Brugmann, Kurze vergl. Gramm., §364.
17 Cf. L. Weisgerber, 307 f., and Pos 53f.
18 Cf. H. Ammann 45.
19 Cf. A. Gardiner, ‘The definition of the word and the sentence,‘ Brit. Journ. of Psychology 1922. 352 f.
20 See H. J. Pos. 89, 90.
21 I do not believe that a specified sentence-reference is necessary in order to speak of a ‘symbol-context’. See Ogden and Richards, 404.
22 Cf., e.g., L. Bloomfield, 64, 111.
23 Cf. Rozwadowski, Wortbildung und Wortbedeutung 58 (1904). W. Wundt, Völkerpsych., Die Sprache I4 609 f.
24 Cf. O. Dittrich, Grundzüge der Sprachpsychologie I. §92 C. (1903).
25 Cf. e.g., O. Dittrich, Die Probleme der Sprachpsychologie 111 (1913), and others.
26 Cf. O. Jespersen, The Philosophy of Grammar 95 (1924).
27 Compare with this Boas' definition in his Handbook of Indian Languages. Introduction.
28 Cf. O. Jespersen, Language 423f.
29 Cf. L. Weisgerber 318, 319; A. Dauzat, La Philosophie du Langage, pp. 214-215 (1917).