The genus Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale (including Neofuscelia Essl.) currently includes more than 800 species (Blanco et al. 2004, 2005), 21 of which have been recorded in the Iberian Peninsula (Llimona & Hladun 2001). During recent studies of the lichen flora of Castilla y León by the first author, a rare, loosely adnate or vagrant, terricolous Xanthoparmelia has been found at two localities in Burgos province. Although a collection (VAL-Lich 20080) from one of the localities (Fresnillo de las Dueñas) was previously reported as the American species X. vagans (Nyl.) Hale (Pérez-Ortega et al. 2002), this collection has now been redetermined as X. pseudohungarica (Gyeln.) Hale.