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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 February 2010
We write e(x) for e2πix and let ‖x‖ denote the distance of x from the nearest integer. The notation A ≪ B will mean |A| ≤ C|B| where C is a positive constant depending at most on an arbitrary positive number ε, and on an integer k. The letter p always denotes a prime number. The main results of the present paper are as follows.