Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-lpg2g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T20:06:53.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fabrication of Lindenmayer System-Based Designed Engineered ScaffoldsUsing UV-Maskless Photolithography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2016

Ozlem Yasar and
Binil Starly
Ozlem Yasar*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, New York City College of Technology, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
Binil Starly
Affiliation:
Department of Industrial and System Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
*
*(Email: oyasar@citytech.cuny.edu)
Get access

Abstract

In the field of tissue engineering, design and fabrication of precisely andspatially patterned, highly porous scaffolds/matrixes are required to guideoverall shape of tissue growth and replacement. Although rapid prototypingfabrication techniques have been used to fabricate the scaffolds with desireddesign characteristics, controlling the interior architecture of the scaffoldshas been a challenge due to Computer-aided Design (CAD) constrains. Moreover,thick engineered tissue scaffolds show inadequate success due to the limiteddiffusion of oxygen and nutrients to the interior part of the scaffolds. Theselimitations lead to improper tissue regeneration. In this work, in order toovercome these design and fabrication limitations, research has been expanded togeneration of scaffolds which have inbuilt micro and nanoscale fluidic channels.Branching channels serve as material delivery paths to provide oxygen andnutrients for the cells. These channels are designed and controlled withLindenmayer Systems (L-Systems) which is an influential way to create thecomplex branching networks by rewriting process. In this research, through thecomputational modeling process, to control the thickness, length, number and theposition of the channels/branches, main attributes of L-Systems algorithms arecharacterized and effects of algorithm parameters are investigated. After theL-System based branching design is completed, 3D tissue scaffolds werefabricated by “UV-Maskless Photolithography”. In thisfabrication technique, Polyethylene (glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA), which isbiodegradable and biocompatible polymer, was used as a fabrication material. Ourresults show that L-System parameters can be successfully controlled to designof 3D tissue engineered scaffolds. Our fabrication results also show thatL-System based designed scaffolds with internal branch structures can befabricated layer-by-layer fashion by Maskless Photolithography. This technologycan be easily applied to engineering living systems.

Keywords

tissuelayeredpolymerization

Information

Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 1 , Issue 11: Nanomaterials and Synthesis , 2016, pp. 749 - 754
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Yasar, O., Lan, S. F., and Starly, B., "A Lindenmayer system-based approach for the design of nutrient delivery networks in tissue constructs," Biofabrication, vol. 1, p. 045004, Dec 2009.Google Scholar
Yasar, O., Lan, S. F., and Starly, B., "Dependance of Lindenmayer System (L-System) Parameters on Flow Characteristics in Engineered Biomaterials," in ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 2009, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar
Yasar, O., Martin, M., Harris, C., Sun, S., and Starly, B., "Layered Fabrication of Branched Networks Using Lindenmayer Systems," University of Oklahoma, 2007.Google Scholar
Prusinkiewicz, P. and Lindenmayer, A., The algorithmic beauty of plants: Springer Science & Business Media, 2012.Google Scholar
Yasar, O., Dinh, M., Lan, S.-F., and Starly, B., "Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels Using Maskless Photopolymerization for Tissue Engineering Applications," in ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference, 2008, pp. 71–72.Google Scholar
Sun, C., Fang, N., Wu, D., and Zhang, X., "Projection micro-stereolithography using digital micro-mirror dynamic mask," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 121, pp. 113–120, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turing, A. M., "The chemical basis of morphogenesis. 1953," Bull Math Biol, vol. 52, pp. 153–97; discussion 119-52, 1990.Google Scholar
Arcaute, K., Mann, B. K., and Wicker, R. B., "Stereolithography of three-dimensional bioactive poly (ethylene glycol) constructs with encapsulated cells," Annals of biomedical engineering, vol. 34, pp. 1429–1441, 2006.Google Scholar
Durst, C. A., Cuchiara, M. P., Mansfield, E. G., West, J. L., and Grande-Allen, K. J., "Flexural characterization of cell encapsulated PEGDA hydrogels with applications for tissue engineered heart valves," Acta Biomater, vol. 7, pp. 2467–76, Jun 2011.Google Scholar
Yasar, O., A lindenmayer system-based approach for the design and fabrication of nutrient delivery networks in tissue constructs: THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA, 2011.Google Scholar
Cuchiara, M. P., Allen, A. C., Chen, T. M., Miller, J. S., and West, J. L., "Multilayer microfluidic PEGDA hydrogels," Biomaterials, vol. 31, pp. 5491–7, Jul 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Illescas, J., Ramírez-Fuentes, Y. S., Zaragoza-Galán, G., Porcu, P., Mariani, A., and Rivera, E., "PEGDA-based luminescent polymers prepared by frontal polymerization," Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar