Hostname: page-component-74656f9884-npj9w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-08T12:37:38.334Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Conjugated Polymer Actuators

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Elisabeth Smela
Get access

Abstract

Conjugated polymer artificial muscles fill a unique niche in the electroactive polymer portfolio. They combine high strength, low voltage, and reasonable speed with versatile fabrication and design. This article reviews the actuation mechanism in these materials and presents some of the designs that have been developed for applications such as Braille displays, catheters, and bioMEMS devices.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 33 , Issue 3: Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Sensors , March 2008 , pp. 197 - 204
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

1.Otero, T.F., Conductive Polymers: Transport, Photophysics, and Applications, Nalwa, H.S., Ed., 4, 517 (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997).Google Scholar
2.Bar-Cohen, Y., Ed., Proc. SPIE, 432902 (2001).Google Scholar
3.Streetman, B.G., Solid State Electronic Devices (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1980).Google Scholar
4.Schoch, K.F., Saunders, H.E., IEEE Spectr., 52 (June 1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Yam, P., Sci. Am., 74 (July 1995).Google Scholar
6.Kaner, R.B., MacDiarmid, A.G., Sci. Am., 60 (February 1988).Google Scholar
7.Kanatzidis, M.G., Chem. Eng. News, 36 (December 3, 1990).Google Scholar
8.Reynolds, J.R., Chemtech, 440 (July 1988).Google Scholar
9.Studt, T., R.D. Mag., 94 (October 1991).Google Scholar
10.Zurer, P.S., Chem. Eng. News, 41 (April 13, 1998).Google Scholar
11.Gurunathan, K., Murugan, A.V., Marimuthu, R., Mulik, U.P., Amalnerkar, D.P., Mater. Chem. Phys. 61 (3), 173 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Epstein, A.J., MRS Bull. 22 (6), 16 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.MacDiarmid, A.G., Synth. Met. 125 (1), 11 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Heeger, A.J., Synth. Met. 125 (1), 23 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Wallace, G.G., Spinks, G.M., Teasdale, P.R., Conductive Electroactive Polymers: Intelligent Materials Systems (Technomic, Lancaster, Pa., 1997).Google Scholar
16.Skotheim, T.A., Ed., Handbook of Conducting Polymers (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1986).Google Scholar
17.Skotheim, T.A., Elsenbaumer, R.L., Reynolds, J.R., Eds., Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 2nd Ed. (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998).Google Scholar
18.Skotheim, T.A., Reynolds, J.R., Eds., Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 3rd Ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2007).Google Scholar
19.Chiang, C.K., Fincher, C.R., Heeger, Y.W.P.A.J. Jr, Shirakawa, H., Louis, E.J., Gau, S.C., MacDiarmid, A.G., Phys. Rev. Lett. 39 (17), 1098 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Francois, B., Mermilliod, N., Zuppiroli, L., Synth. Met. 4, 131 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Pei, Q., Inganäs, O., Solid State Ionics 60, 161 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Gandhi, M.R., Murray, P., Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., Synth. Met. 73 (3), 247 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Chiarelli, P., Della Santa, A., De Rossi, D., Mazzoldi, A., J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 6 (1), 32 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Otero, T.F., Grande, H., Rodriguez, J., J. Phys. Org. Chem. 9, 381 (1996).3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Herod, T.E., Schlenoff, J.B., Chem. Mater. 5 (7), 951 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Takashima, W., Fukui, M., Kaneko, M., Kaneto, K., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, Part 1 (7B), 3786 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Reynolds, J.R., Sundaresan, N.S., Pomerantz, M., Basak, S., Baker, C.K., J. Electroanal. Chem. 250, 355 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Pei, Q., Inganäs, O., Synth. Met. 55–57, 3730 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Okuzaki, H., Kunugi, T., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 64 (2), 383 (1997).3.0.CO;2-0>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Prakash, S.B., Urdaneta, M., Christophersen, M., Smela, E., Abshire, P., Sens. Actuators, B (2007) in press.Google Scholar
31.Baughman, R.H., Cui, C., Zakhidov, A.A., Iqbal, Z., Barisci, J.N., Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., Mazzoldi, A., de Rossi, D., Rinzler, A.G., Jaschinski, O., Roth, S., Kertesz, M., Science 284, 1340 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Osada, Y., Adv. Polym. Sci. 82, 1 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Smela, E., Adv. Mater. 15 (6), 481 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Wang, X., Shapiro, B., Smela, E., Adv. Mater. 16 (18), 1605 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Grande, H., Otero, T.F., Electrochim. Acta 44, 1893 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Lu, W., Fadeev, A.G., Qi, B.H., Smela, E., Mattes, B.R., Ding, J., Spinks, G.M., Mazurkiewicz, J., Zhou, D.Z., Wallace, G.G., MacFarlane, D.R., Forsyth, S.A., Forsyth, M., Science 297, 983 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Liu, Y., Gan, Q., Baig, S., Smela, E., J. Phys. Chem. C 111 (30), 11329 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., Ding, J., Zhou, D., Xi, B., Gillespie, J., Proc. SPIE 5051, 372 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Smela, E., Christophersen, M., Prakash, S.B., Urdaneta, M., Dandin, M., Abshire, P., Proc. SPIE, 65240G (2007).Google Scholar
40.Delille, R., Urdaneta, M., Moseley, S., Smela, E., J. Microelectromech. Syst. 15 (5), 1108 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Wang, X., Smela, E., Proc. SPIE 6168, 61680T-1 (2006).Google Scholar
42.Christophersen, M., Smela, E., Proc. SPIE 6168, 61680V-1 (2006).Google Scholar
43.Shinohara, H., Kojima, J., Yaoita, M., Aizawa, M., Bioelectrochem. Bioenerg. 22 (a section of J. Electroanal. Chem. 276), 23 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Wong, J.Y., Langer, R., Ingber, D.E., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 3201 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45.Dias, F.B., Plomp, L., Veldhuis, J.B.J., J. Power Sources 88, 169 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Meyer, W.H., Adv. Mater. 10 (6), 439 (1998).3.0.CO;2-I>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Lewis, T.W., Kim, B.C., Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., Proc. 3987, 351 (2000).Google Scholar
48.MacDiarmid, A.G., Kaneto, K., Saito, H., Min, Y., Abstract: s of papers of the American Chemical Society 208: 387-PMSE (Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering) 71 (2), 713 (1994).Google Scholar
49.Lewis, T.W., Kane-Maguire, L.A.P., Hutchison, A.S., Spinks, G.M., Wallace, G.G., Synth. Met. 102 (1–3), 1317 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Kim, S.J., Lee, I.T., Lee, H.Y., Kim, Y.H., Smart Mater. Struct. 15 (6), 1540 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51.Freemantle, M., Chem. Eng. News, 21 (January 1, 2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52.Fukushima, T., Asaka, K., Kosaka, A., Aida, T., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (16), 2410 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Vidal, F., Plesse, C., Randriamahazaka, H., Teyssie, D., Chevrot, C., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Sci. Technol. 448, 95 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54.Bay, L., Mogensen, N., Skaarup, S., Sommer-Larsen, P., Jorgensen, M., West, K., Macromolecules 35 (25), 9345 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55.Smela, E., J. Micromech. Microeng. 9, 1 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56.Fujisue, H., Sendai, T., Yamato, K., Takashima, W., Kaneto, K., Bioinspir. Biomim. 2, S1 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Alici, G., Spinks, G., Huynh, N.N., Sarmadi, L., Minato, R., Bioinspir. Biomim. 2, S18 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58.Lu, W., Smela, E., Mattes, B.R., Proc. SPIE 4329, 505 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59.Tangorra, J., Anquetil, P., Fofonoff, T., Chen, A., Del Zio, M., Hunter, I., Bioinspir. Biomim. 2 (S6–S47) (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60.Otero, T.F., Broschart, M., J. Appl. Electrochem. 36 (2), 205 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Shapiro, B., Smela, E., J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 18 (2), 181 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62.Pyo, M., Bohn, C.C., Smela, E., Reynolds, J.R., Brennan, A.B., Chem. Mater. 15 (4), 916 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63.Cui, X., Martin, D.C., Sens. Actuators, A 103 (3), 384 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64.Bay, L., West, K., Sommer-Larsen, P., Skaarup, S., Benslimane, M., Adv. Mater. 15 (4), 310 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65.Madden, J.D., Madden, P.G., Hunter, I.W., Proc. SPIE 4329, 72 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66.Lu, W., Smela, E., Adams, P., Zuccarello, G., Mattes, B.R., Chem. Mater. 16 (9), 1615 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67.Spinks, G.M., Smela, E., Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 3rd Ed., Skotheim, T.A., Reynolds, J., Eds., Ch. 14 (Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., 2006).Google Scholar
68.Madden, J.D.W., Vandesteeg, N.A., Anquetil, P.A., Madden, P.G.A., Takshi, A., Pytel, R.Z., Lafontaine, S.R., Wieringa, P.A., Hunter, I.W., IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 29 (3), 706 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.Hara, S., Zama, T., Takashima, W., Kaneto, K., Polym. J. 36 (2), 151 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70.Smela, E., Gadegaard, N., J. Phys. Chem. B 105 (39), 9395 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
71.Otero, T.F., Angulo, E., Rodriguez, J., Santamaria, C., J. Electroanal. Chem. 341, 369 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
72.Otero, T.F., Boyano, I., J. Phys. Chem. B 107 (28), 6730 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73.Christophersen, M., Shapiro, B., Smela, E., Sens. Actuators, B 115, 596 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74.Smela, E., Kallenbach, M., Holdenried, J., J. Microelectromech. Syst. 8 (4), 373 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
75.Jager, E.W.H., Inganäs, O., Lundström, I., Science 288, 2335 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
76.Jager, E.W.H., Smela, E., Inganäs, O., Science 290, 1540 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77.Smela, E., Inganäs, O., Lundström, I., Science 268, 1735 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
78.Madden, J.D.W., Schmid, B., Hechinger, M., Lafontaine, S.R., Madden, P.G.A., Hover, F.S., Kimball, R., Hunter, I.W., IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 29 (3), 738 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
79.Takashima, W., Kanamori, K., Pandey, S.S., Kaneto, K., Sens. Actuators, B 110 (1), 120 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
80.Smela, E., Lu, W., Mattes, B.R., Synth. Met. 151 (1), 25 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81.Mazzoldi, A., De Rossi, D., Proc. SPIE 3987, 273 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
82.Lu, W., Norris, I.D., Mattes, B.R., Aust. J. Chem. 58, 263 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83.Otero, T.F., Cortés, M.T., Adv. Mater. 15 (4), 279 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84.Kaneto, K., Fujisue, H., Kunifusa, M., Takashima, W., Smart Mater. Struct. 16 (2), S250 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar