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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 April 2013
Many technologies require load-sustaining components that are as lightweight and compact as possible. This requirement is especially true in the transportation area, where lightness equates with fuel efficiency and range. Concept implementation is dictated by the tradeoff between performance and manufacturing cost, which is manifest in a value factor. The attainment of the minimum weight has a long history. Four technical factors are involved: materials selection, utilization of shape, topology optimization, and multifunctionality. The new developments to be addressed in this article arise in topology optimization. Multifunctionality has been elaborated elsewhere.