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Nanoscale Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Charles R. Sides,
Naichao Li,
Charles J. Patrissi,
Bruno Scrosati and
Charles R. Martin
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Abstract

Template synthesis is a versatile nanomaterial fabrication method used to make monodisperse nanoparticles of a variety of materials including metals, semiconductors, carbons, and polymers. We have used the template method to prepare nanostructured lithium-ion battery electrodes in which nanofibers or nanotubes of the electrode material protrude from an underlying current-collector surface like the bristles of a brush. Nanostructured electrodes of this type composed of carbon, LiMn2O4, V2O5, tin, TiO2, and TiS2 have been prepared. In all cases, the nanostructured electrode showed dramatically improved rate capabilities relative to thin-film control electrodes composed of the same material. The rate capabilities are improved because the distance that Li+ must diffuse in the solid state (the current- and power-limiting step in Li-ion battery electrodes) is significantly smaller in the nanostructured electrode. For example, in a nanofiber-based electrode, the distance that Li+ must diffuse is restricted to the radius of the fiber, which may be as small as 50 nm. Recent developments in template-prepared nanostructured electrodes are reviewed.

Keywords

energy storagenanofibersrechargeable lithium batteriestemplate synthesis.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 27 , Issue 8: Portable Power: Advanced Rechargeable Lithium Batteries , August 2002, pp. 604 - 607
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2002

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