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In Situ Characterization of Surface Evolution on Titanium in Hydrogen Peroxide Containing Solutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Julie J. Muyco,
Jeremy J. Gray,
Timothy V. Ratto,
Christine A. Orme,
Joanna McKittrick and
John Frangos
Julie J. Muyco
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
Jeremy J. Gray
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
Timothy V. Ratto
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
Christine A. Orme
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA
Joanna McKittrick
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA
John Frangos
Affiliation:
La Jolla Bioengineering Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Abstract

Titanium implants have been used for decades with success in various applications. The characteristics of titanium that allows acceptance in the body are not well defined. It is known that hydrogen peroxide is a chemical species produced during the inflammatory response following implantation. When titanium is exposed to hydrogen peroxide, a Ti-peroxy gel (TiOOH) is formed. Three possible functions of Ti-peroxy gel are: reduction of the inflammatory response through the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species; creation of a favorable surface for calcium phosphate nucleation; and as a transitional layer between the soft tissue and the stiff titanium. These studies utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) force spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques, Raman spectroscopy, and optical transparency in situ to define kinetic and mechanical properties of Ti-peroxy gel as it forms on titanium during exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Peaks attributed to Ti-peroxy gel were seen to emerge over the course of several hours using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Force-distance curves suggest a layer that thickens with time on the titanium sample surface.

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