Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-jswmv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T18:26:07.328Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization Of Heattreated Polyparaphenylene-Based Carbons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

M. J. Matthewsa,
M. Endo,
T. Takahashi,
Y. Nishimura,
T. Takamuku and
M. S. Dresselhaus
M. J. Matthewsa
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
M. Endo
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
T. Takahashi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
Y. Nishimura
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
T. Takamuku
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380 Japan
M. S. Dresselhaus
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Get access

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy and TEM measurements were recently performed on a series of polyparaphenylene (PPP)-based carbon samples which were heat-treated to temperatures between 600°C and 3000°C. Particular attention is focused on the development of carbonaceous structures at low heat-treatment temperatures (THT) in the range 600°C ≤ THT ≥ 800°C. PPP-based carbons heat treated in this temperature range have been found to have a very high affinity for the electrochemical introduction of lithium, which is of particular interest in ‘rocking-chair’ rechargeable Li batteries. Specific (Faradaic) capacities of up to 1120 mAh/g have been obtained for PPPbased carbon anodes with a THT of 700°C, which is about three times the capacity of GIC-based anode materials. At a heat-treatment temperature of 700° C, the PPPbased carbon has a disordered-granular appearance, as observed from TEM, while a ribbon-like graphitic structure is seen for heat treatment near 3000°C. Furthermore, Raman spectra show that, near a THT of 700° C, these PPP-based materials undergo a carbonization transformation from a mostly polymer-type extended lattice to a disordered carbon matrix, which undergoes partial graphitization at higher THT. Upon the introduction of small amounts of substitutionally-doped Boron (1% - 3% atomic), various properties are substantially modified. In this work we briefly discuss the effect of B-doping on the PPP-based carbon structure.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

[1] Megahed, S. and Scrosati, B., J. Power Sources 51, 79 (1994).Google Scholar
[2] Bach, R. O., in Lithium: Current Applications in Science, Medicine and Technology, (John Wiley and Sons, 1985).Google Scholar
[3] Dahn, J. R., Sleigh, A. K., Shi, H., Way, B. M., Weycanz, W. J., Reimers, J. N., Zhong, Q., and von Sacken, U., in New Materials and Perspectives, (North Holland, 1993).Google Scholar
[4] Conard, J., Nalimova, V. A., and Guerard, D., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 245, 25–30 (1994).Google Scholar
[5] Sato, K., Noguchi, M., Demachi, A., Oki, N., and Endo, M., Science 264, 556 (1994).Google Scholar
[6] Zheng, T., liu, Y., Fuller, E. W., Tseng, S., von Sacken, U., and Dahn, J. R., J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, 2581 (1995).Google Scholar
[7] Omaru, A. et al., Fall Meeting of the Electr. Chem. Soc. of Japan page 203 (1993).Google Scholar
[8] Omaru, A. et al., Proc. Symp. on Lithium Batteries 93–24, 21 (1992).Google Scholar
[9] Nishimura, Y., Endo, M., and Dresselhaus, M. S., Tanso (accepted for publication).Google Scholar
[10] Kovacic, P. and Kyriakis, A., J. Am. Chein. Soc. 85, 454 (1963).Google Scholar
[11] Noguchi, M., Miyushita, K., and Endo, M., Tanso 315, 155 (1992).Google Scholar
[12] Matthews, M. J., Dresselhaus, M. S., Endo, M., Nishimura, Y., Takahashi, T., and Takamuku, T., (To be published).Google Scholar
[13] Knight, D. S. and White, W. B., J. Mater. Res. 4, 385 (1989).Google Scholar
[14] Zannoni, G. and Zerbi, G., J. Chem. Phys. 82, 31 (1985).Google Scholar
[15] Dahn, J. R., Zheng, T., Liu, Y., and Xue, J. S., Science 270, 590 (1995).Google Scholar