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The Development of Surface Roughness and Implications for Cellular Attachment in Biomedical Applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2011

Bruce Banks,
Sharon Miller,
Kim de Groh,
Amy Chan and
Mandeep Sahota
Bruce Banks
Affiliation:
NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, U.S.A.
Sharon Miller
Affiliation:
NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, U.S.A.
Kim de Groh
Affiliation:
NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, U.S.A.
Amy Chan
Affiliation:
Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, U.S.A.
Mandeep Sahota
Affiliation:
Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115-2406, U.S.A.
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Abstract

The application of a microscopic surface texture produced by ion beam sputter texturing to the surfaces of polymer implants has been shown to result in significant increases in cellular attachment compared to smooth surface implants in animal studies. A collaborative program between NASA Glenn Research Center and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation has been established to evaluate the potential for improving osteoblast attachment to surfaces that have been microscopically roughened by atomic oxygen texturing. The range of surface textures that is feasible depends upon both the texturing process and the duration of treatment. To determine whether surface texture saturates or continues to increase with treatment duration, an effort was conducted to examine the development of surface textures produced by various physical and chemical erosion processes. Both experimental tests and computational modeling were performed to explore the growth of surface texture with treatment time. Surface texturing by means of abrasive grit blasting of glass, stainless steel and polymethylmethacrylate surfaces was examined to measure the growth in roughness with grit blasting duration by surface profilometry measurements. Laboratory tests and computational modeling was also conducted to examine the development of texture on Aclar® (chlorotrifluoroethylene) and Kapton® polyimide, respectively. For the atomic oxygen texturing tests of Aclar®, atomic force microscopy was used to measure the development of texture with atomic oxygen fluence. The results of all the testing and computational modeling support the premise that development of surface roughness obeys Poisson statistics. The results indicate that surface roughness does not saturate but increases as the square root of the treatment time.

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References

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