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Evaluation of Factors Affecting Diffusion in Compacted Bentonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

J. Lehikoinen,
T. Carlsson,
A. Muurinen,
M. Olin and
P. Salonen
J. Lehikoinen
Affiliation:
VTFT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1404, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
T. Carlsson
Affiliation:
VTFT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1404, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
A. Muurinen
Affiliation:
VTFT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1404, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
M. Olin
Affiliation:
VTFT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1404, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
P. Salonen
Affiliation:
VTFT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1404, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
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Abstract

The information available from the open literature and our studies on exclusion, sorption and diffusion mechanisms of ionic and neutral species in bentonite has been compiled and re-examined in relation to the microstructure of bentonite. The emphasis is placed on a more thorough understanding of the diffusion processes taking place in compacted bentonite. Despite the scarcity of experiments performed with neutral diffusants, these imply that virtually all the pores in compacted bentonite are accessible to neutral species. Anion exclusion, induced by the overlap of electrical double layers, may render the accessible porosity for anions considerably less than the porosity obtained from the water content of the clay. On the basis of the compiled data, it is highly probable that surface diffusion plays a significant role in the transport of cations in bentonite clays. Moreover, easily soluble compounds in bentonite can affect the ionic strength of porewater and, consequently, exclusion, equilibrium between cations, and surface diffusion.

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