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Self-Assembled β-Sheet Architectures for Bone-Tissue Engineering

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

G. Spreitzer,
J. Doctor and
D. W. Wright
G. Spreitzer
Affiliation:
Duquesne University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, wrightd@duq.edu
J. Doctor
Affiliation:
Duquesne University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, wrightd@duq.edu
D. W. Wright
Affiliation:
Duquesne University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 308 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, wrightd@duq.edu
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Abstract

Advances in the understanding of biomineralization processes in a variety of organisms have revealed the critical role of three-dimensional scaffolding architectures to create a highly functionalized surface. These complex matrices function on a variety of length scales ranging from the macromolecular (10–100 nm) to the cellular (1–10mm) and larger. One dominant structural motif found in many of these architectures is macromolecules containing antiparallel β-pleated sheets. These “hints” from Nature have lead to the iterative design and development of a novel multipurpose platform technology based on a self-assembled periodic peptide architecture for use in bone-tissue engineering. Combining molecular modeling, structural biochemistry and synthetic techniques, we have produced a β-sheet hollow tube peptide nanoassembly. Such a synthetic approach allows for the template's designed parameters of electrostatic, geometric and stereochemical complimentarily to match those of the desired biomineral. Consequently, these templates readily nucleate calcite. Future studies will investigate the in vitro osteoconductive and osteogenic properties of these templates.

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