%20-%20https://sketch.com%20--%3e%3ctitle%3e3ECBBF50-FD08-412A-943D-2CFC5E025A16%3c/title%3e%3cdesc%3eCreated%20with%20sketchtool.%3c/desc%3e%3cg%20id='Stylesheet'%20stroke='none'%20stroke-width='1'%20fill='none'%20fill-rule='evenodd'%3e%3cg%20transform='translate(-926.000000,%20-668.000000)'%20id='BUTTONS'%3e%3cg%20transform='translate(100.000000,%20597.000000)'%3e%3cg%20id='BTN-/-RIGHTS'%20transform='translate(816.000000,%2065.000000)'%3e%3cg%20id='ICON-/-Rights'%20transform='translate(10.000000,%206.000000)'%3e%3cpath%20d='M13.5752841,0%20L1.34943182,0%20C0.59375,0%200,0.586666667%200,1.33333333%20L0,22.6666667%20C0,23.4133333%200.620738636,24%201.34943182,24%20L17.6505682,24%20C18.40625,24%2019,23.3866667%2019,22.6666667%20L19,5.36%20L13.5752841,0%20Z%20M13.5752841,1.89333333%20L17.0838068,5.36%20L13.5752841,5.36%20L13.5752841,1.89333333%20Z%20M1.34943182,22.6666667%20L1.34943182,1.33333333%20L12.1988636,1.33333333%20L12.1988636,5.36%20C12.1988636,6.10666667%2012.7926136,6.69333333%2013.5482955,6.69333333%20L17.6235795,6.69333333%20L17.6505682,22.6666667%20L1.34943182,22.6666667%20Z'%20id='Shape'%20fill='%23595959'%20fill-rule='nonzero'%3e%3c/path%3e%3ccircle%20id='Oval'%20stroke='%23595959'%20stroke-width='1.5'%20fill='%23595959'%20cx='9.5'%20cy='13.5355339'%20r='5.5'%3e%3c/circle%3e%3cpolyline%20id='Path-2'%20stroke='%23FFFFFF'%20stroke-width='1.5'%20transform='translate(9.500000,%2013.035534)%20rotate(45.000000)%20translate(-9.500000,%20-13.035534)%20'%20points='8%2016.0355339%2011%2016.0355339%2011%2010.0355339'%3e%3c/polyline%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)
No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The Multinationalization of Soviet Dissent
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
Extract
If one may judge by Soviet political humor on Radio Armenia, the so-called “socialist internationalism” among the many nationalities in the USSR has reflected less than a perfect “friendship of peoples” in the past: Question: What is the “friendship of peoples”? Radio Armenia: It's when an Armenian takes the hand of an Uzbek, an Uzbek that of a Latvian, a Latvian that of a Russian, a Russian that of a Kazakh, a Kazakh that of a Ukrainian, and then they all go and beat up a Georgian.
Information
- Type
- Symposium
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © 1983 Association for the Study of Nationalities
References
Notes
1. This paper was originally prepared for the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, Washington, D.C., 15 October 1982. Alexander Glezer, Chelovek s dvoinym dnom: Kniga vospominanii Paris: Third Wave, 1979), p. 226.Google Scholar
2. David Kowalewski and Mary Mershon, “Protest Groups as Ethnic Coalitions: A Cross-National Comparison,” International Journal of Group Tensions 9, 104 (1979), pp. 110-125.Google Scholar
3. Lewis Coser, Functions of Social Conflict (New York: Free Press, 1956), pp. 139-140.Google Scholar
4. Violations of Human Rights in Soviet-Occupied Lithuania: 1977 (Glenside, Pennsylvania: Lithuanian American Community, 1978), pp. 112-113.Google Scholar
5. See the author's “Religious-National Interlock: Faith and Ethnicity in the Soviet Union,” Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism 9, 1 (Spring 1982), pp. 97-112.Google Scholar
6. John Dunlop, “Contemporary Russian Orthodox Dissent,” in Dokumenty Khristianskogo Komiteta Zashchity Prav Veruiushchikh v SSR (San Francisco: Washington Street Research Center, 1978-1979), vol. 3, p. 360.Google Scholar
7. Violations: 1978, pp. 135-137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Richard Krickus, “Hostages in their Homeland,” Commonweal, February 15, 1980, p. 77.Google Scholar
9. Smoloskyp 1, 1 (Fall 1978), p. 2.Google Scholar
10. Arkhiv samizdata (Munich: Radio Liberty Research), Nos. 3415 and 3645 (hereafter AS).Google Scholar
11. Smoloskyp 1, 3 (Spring 1979), p. 13.Google Scholar
12. AS 2168.Google Scholar
13. Elta Information Service 261 (February 1981) (hereafter Elta).Google Scholar
14. Dvizhenie za prava cheloveka v SSSR i Vostochnoi Evrope: Tseli, znachenie, trudnosti,“ Kontinent 19 (1979), p. 177.Google Scholar
15. Samizdat Bulletin 86 (June 1980) (hereafter SB).Google Scholar
16. Chelovek, pp. 225-230.Google Scholar
17. Vera v slovo (Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ardis, 1977), pp. 73 and 79.Google Scholar
18. Leonid Plyushch, History's Carnival: A Dissident's Autobiography (New York: Harcourt-Brace-Jovanovich, 1977), p. 189.Google Scholar
19. Kenneth Farmer, “Ukrainian Nationalism and Soviet Nationalities Policy,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1977, p. 245.Google Scholar
20. “On the Fifth Anniversary of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group,” Smoloskyp 3, 13 (Fall 1981), p. 10.Google Scholar
21. Ibid. Google Scholar
22. Vera, p. 78.Google Scholar
23. Ibid., pp. 68-69.Google Scholar
24. Violations: 1978, p. 19.Google Scholar
25. Dve press-konferentsii (K sborniku “Iz-pod glyb”) (Paris: YMCA Press, 1975), pp. 19-20.Google Scholar
26. AS 3647.Google Scholar
27. SB 58 (February 1978).Google Scholar
28. Radio Liberty, Twenty-Eighth Issue of the Unofficial Lithuanian Journal Aušra (Munich: Radio Liberty Research, 1982).Google Scholar
29. AS 2217.Google Scholar
30. “Ukrainian Helsinki Group and the National Minorities in Ukraine,” Smoloskyp 3, 13 (Fall 1981), pp. 1 and 8.Google Scholar
31. Association of Belorussians in Great Britain, Pismo russkomu drugu (London: 1979), pp. 7 and 30-32.Google Scholar
32. Elta 268 (September 1981).Google Scholar
33. Chronicle of the Catholic Church of Lithuania No. 44 (hereafter CCCL).Google Scholar
34. AS 3980.Google Scholar
35. Violations: 1978, p. 58.Google Scholar
36. Roman Kupchinsky, ed., Natsionalnyi vopros v SSSR (Munich: Suchasnist, 1975), p. 150.Google Scholar
37. Smoloskyp 1, 3 (Spring, 1979), p. 13.Google Scholar
38. “Ukrainian Helsinki Group,” p. 8.Google Scholar
39. Thomas Remeikis, Opposition to Soviet Rule in Lithuania: 1945-1980 (Chicago: Institute of Lithuanian Studies, 1980), p. 103.Google Scholar
40. Tri otnosheniia k rodine (Frankfurt: Posev, 1978), p. 123.Google Scholar
41. Liudmilla Alexeeva, “On the Fifth Anniversary,” p. 10.Google Scholar
42. Ibid. p. 10.Google Scholar
43. Delo Airikiana (New York: Khronika Press, 1977), pp. 36-41; “Ukraine and Russian Dissidents: A Qualification for Freedom,” Ukrainian Quarterly 32, 4 (Winter, 1975), p. 351; Alexander Nekrich, Nakazannye narody (New York: Khronika Press, 1978), p. 142.Google Scholar
44. Vladimir Bukovsky, “Russkie politzakliuchennye Vladimirskoi tiurmy o provedenii natsionalnykh referendumov,” Kontinent 11 (1977), pp. 3-8; see also “Zaiavlenie po Ukrainskomu voprosu,” Kontinent 12 (1977), pp. 210-211.Google Scholar
45. Liudmilla Alexeeva, “The Human Rights Movement in the USSR,” Survey 23, 4 (Autumn 1977-1978), p. 78. See also Khronika tekushchiki sobytii (Munich: Samizdat Archives; New York: Khonika Press; London: Amnesty International; Amsterdam: Herzen Foundation), No. 45 (hereafter KTS).Google Scholar
46. AS 4278.Google Scholar
47. Krickus, “Hostages,” p. 76; AS 4593; Andrei Sakharov, “Obrashchenie,” Kontinent 14 (1977), p. 11.Google Scholar
48. AS 3314.Google Scholar
49. Tashkentskii protsess: Sud nad desiatiu predstaviteliami Krymskotatarskogo naroda (Amsterdam: Herzen Foundation, 1976), p. 402.Google Scholar
50. Alexeeva, “On the Fifth Anniversary,” p. 10.Google Scholar
51. Programma demokraticheskogo dvizheniia Sovetskogo Soiuza (Amsterdam: Herzen Foundation, 1970), p. 54.Google Scholar
52. Michael Bourdeaux, Land of Crosses (Devon, England: Augustine, 1979), p. 319.Google Scholar
53. Israel Kleiner, “The Contemporary Ukrainian National Movement in the USSR,” Crossroads 4 (Autumn 1979), pp. 228-230.Google Scholar
54. Smoloskyp 2, 3 (Spring 1979), p. 7.Google Scholar
55. Radio Liberty, Latvian Dissident Harassed (Munich: Radio Liberty Research, 1978).Google Scholar
56. Help and Action Newsletter, January 1981, p. A4.Google Scholar
57. Jurij Dobczansky, Vasyl Romanyuk (Wheaton, Illinois: Society for the Study of Religion under Communism, 1980), p. 64.Google Scholar
58. AS 3621.Google Scholar
59. V. Stanley Vardys, “Human Rights Issues in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania,” Journal of Baltic Studies 12, 3 (Fall, 1981), p. 279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60. “Old Hopes and New Currents in Present-Day Lithuania,” Lituanus 23, 3 (Fall, 1977), p. 56.Google Scholar
61. “Leonid Plyushch, Family on Short Visit in the United States,” Ukrainian Quarterly 32, 1 (Spring 1976), p. 104.Google Scholar
62. SB 12 (April 1974).Google Scholar
63. AS 2431.Google Scholar
64. Subcommittee on International Organizations, Anti-Semitism and Reprisals against Jewish Emigration in the Soviet Union (Washington, D.C.: Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, U.S. Congress, 1976), p. 2; Russia and East European Research Bulletin 14 (May 1976), p. 6.Google Scholar
65. John Evrard, “Human Rights in the Soviet Union,” Depaul Law Review 29 (1980), p. 844; Amnesty International, Prisoners of Conscience in the USSR (London: 1975), p. 80.Google Scholar
66. Israel Kleiner, “Present-Day Ukrainian National Movement in the USSR and the Jewish Question,” Soviet Jewish Affairs 11, 3 (November 1981), p. 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67. Kleiner, “Contemporary Ukrainian National Movement,” p. 237.Google Scholar
68. Leonard Schroeter, Last Exodus (New York: Universe Books, 1974), p. 380.Google Scholar
69. Mikhail Kheifets, Mesto i vremia: Evreiskie zametki (Paris: Third Wave, 1978), p. 31.Google Scholar
70. AS 3170.Google Scholar
71. Ibid. Google Scholar
72. KTS No. 41.Google Scholar
73. World Federation of Free Latvians, Report on the Implementation of the Helsinki Final Act in Soviet-Occupied Latvia (Rockville, Maryland: 1980), p. 62.Google Scholar
74. AS 1486.Google Scholar
75. AS 1020.Google Scholar
76. Viktor Haynes and Olga Semyonova, Workers against the Gulag (London: Pluto Press, 1979), pp. 25 and 35.Google Scholar
77. AS 4282Google Scholar
78. Remeikis, Opposition, p. 169.Google Scholar
79. CCCL No. 6.Google Scholar
80. AS 3949.Google Scholar
81. AS 3647 and CCCL No. 21.Google Scholar
82. Kupchinsky, Natsionalnyi vopros, p. 198.Google Scholar
83. ZP UHVR News Release, 7 March 1979; Ukrainian Herald Issue 7-8 (Baltimore; Smoloskyp, 1976), passim. Google Scholar
84. AS 3401 and 3873; Radio Liberty, Copies of Previously Unknown Estonian Samizdat Periodical Reach the West (Munich: Radio Liberty Research, 1981).Google Scholar
85. Smoloskyp 4, 15 (Spring, 1982), p. 4.Google Scholar
86. KTS No. 45.Google Scholar
87. AS 3697 and Khronika zashchity prav v SSSR 31 (July-September 1978) (hereafter KZP).Google Scholar
88. Violations: 1978, pp. 185-187.Google Scholar
89. AS 2935 and 3085.Google Scholar
90. AS 3647Google Scholar
91. Elta 183 (July 1974).Google Scholar
92. KTS No. 48; News from Ukraine 6, 1 (Spring 1979).Google Scholar
93. AS 3410Google Scholar
94. Natalya Solzhenitsyna, “Pismo,” Kontinent 15 (1978), p. 12; Help and Action Newsletter, April 1978.Google Scholar
95. Elta 235 (November 1978).Google Scholar
96. Sobranie dokumentov samizdata (Munich: Radio Liberty Research) vol. 30, p. 143.Google Scholar
97. Elta 227 (March 1978); Sobranie, p. 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
98. See the author's “National Liberation on Soviet Streets,” unpublished manuscript, for sources and further description.Google Scholar
99. See the author's “Trends in the Human Rights Movement,” in Donald Kelley, ed., Soviet Politics in the Brezhnev Era (New York: Praeger, 1980), pp. 150-181.Google Scholar
100. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Documents of Helsinki Dissent from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congress, 1978), pp. 83-84.Google Scholar
101. SB 102 (October 1981).Google Scholar
102. Adelaida Lamberg, “Ehstonkiie dissidenty — Za nezavisimost,” Kontinent 9 (1976), p. 163.Google Scholar
103. See Elta 169 (May-June 1973), 224 (December 1977), and 228 (April-May 1978); KTS Nos. 41 and 47; CCCL No. 23; Remeikis, Opposition, pp. 441-442; and AS 314 and 318.Google Scholar
104. Orest Olhovych, An Interview with Political Prisoners in a Soviet Perm Camp (Baltimore: Smoloskyp, 1975), p. 20.Google Scholar
105. See Istoriia odnoi golodovki (Frankfurt: Posev, 1971).Google Scholar
106. SB 12 (April 1974).Google Scholar
107. SB 20 (December 1974).Google Scholar
108. SB 31 (November 1975).Google Scholar
109. AS 3673.Google Scholar
110. Vesti iz SSSR, 31 October 1981.Google Scholar
111. AS 3647; News from Ukraine 6, 2 (Autumn 1979), p. 3.Google Scholar
112. AS 3569, 3647, and 3724.Google Scholar
113. SB 12 (April 1978).Google Scholar
114. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, News Release, 2 November 1979.Google Scholar
115. Kheifets, Mesto, pp. 32-33.Google Scholar
116. AS 3428.Google Scholar
117. Elta 161 (January 1972).Google Scholar
118. See David Kowalewski and Cheryl Johnson, “The Ukrainian Dissident: A Statistical Profile,” unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
119. See the author's “Protest for National Rights in the USSR,” Nationalities Papers 8, 2 (Fall 1980), pp. 182-183.Google Scholar
120. CCCL No. 48; see the author's “Armenian National Unity Party: Context and Program,” Armenian Review 31, 4-124 (April 1979), pp. 362-370; AS 70.Google Scholar
121. Programma Demokraticheskogo Dvizheniia Sovetskogo Soiuza (Amsterdam; Herzen Foundation, 1970).Google Scholar
122. Radio Liberty, Fifth Issue of the Unofficial Lithuanian Journal Aušra (Munich: Radio Liberty Research, 1977).Google Scholar
123. AS 3755.Google Scholar
124. Smoloskyp 1, 3 (Spring, 1979), p. 14.Google Scholar
125. AS 3755.Google Scholar
126. SB (May 1973); Alexeeva, “Fifth Anniversary,” p. 10; Mark Perakh, “From Sakharov to Samolvin,” Ukrainian Quarterly 34, 3 (August 1978); Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Basket Three: Implementation of the Helsinki Accords (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congress, 1977), vol. 1, p. 66; East-West Digest 21, 14 (November 1978), pp. 821-822.Google Scholar
127. AS 4464.Google Scholar
128. Freedom Appeals 7 (November-December 1980), p. 24.Google Scholar
129. Elta 275 (April 1982), p. 14.Google Scholar
130. Smoloskyp 3, 12 (Summer 1981), p. 2.Google Scholar
131. SB 106 (February 1982).Google Scholar
132. Vesti iz SSSR, 31 July 1980.Google Scholar
133. KTS No. 57.Google Scholar
134. Vesti iz SSSr, 15 November 1981 and 31 January 1982.Google Scholar
135. AS 4452.Google Scholar
136. Freedom Appeals 12 (November-December 1981), pp. 6-8.Google Scholar
137. AS 3724.Google Scholar
138. AS 4132.Google Scholar
139. AS 4570 (original emphasis).Google Scholar