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The Eclogues may be studied in a number of different ways—as biographical material, as social and political documents, as poems. I am here concerned only with the last. In this first collection of Virgil’s poetry we already see some of the qualities which were to play their part in the Georgics and the Aeneid, and also some qualities which were not to reappear in these two more ambitious works. Essentially the Eclogues are set in a minor key; they do not aim at power or dramatic tension; their relationship with human experience is of a circumscribed kind; their method is mannered, largely conventional and traditional, often very imitative of Theocritus;they sing of beauty and sorrow and death, but in my view they do not generally explore these things. They are delicate and fragile poems, presented in a diction which charms and soothes, in a metre whose cadences have always captivated those with enough Latin to read them.
E. de Saint-Denis’s Budé edition (1942) is outstandingly good in its presentation of the poems as literature, with just enough commentary for the necessary background. J. Perret’s slender edition (1961) is sensitive and attractive; Holtorf’s (1959) is much fuller. We still lack an English commentary to replace Page and Conington. The major literary studies (in addition to the older books by Sellar, Glover, Prescott, Rand—p. 4 n. 1) are: H. J. Rose, The Eclogues of Vergil (Berkeley, 1942); and Otis, Guillemin, Perret (p. 4 n. 2). There are useful essays in E. V. Rieu’s Penguin translation, and in G. Stégen’s two volumes (Namur, 1955 and 1957). The factual aspects of the poems, with full bibliography, are gathered and discussed in Büchner’s article s.v. Vergilius in Pauly-Wissowa, RE (1955).