1 Kings   12

1 Maccabees   16-17, 30, 55

1 Samuel   12

2 Kings   12

2 Maccabees   16-17, 57

2 Samuel   12

Aaron   64-8

Abiram   64-8

Abraham   11, 13, 53, 60

Acts of Peter   103

Adiabene, kingdom of   70

Agrippa II, king   6, 34, 76

Agrippa, M. Vipsanius   68

Agrippina the Younger   75

Albinus, procurator of Judaea   32

Alderman, Naomi   116-7

Alexander the Great   15, 53, 61, 71

Alexander Jannaeus, Hasmonaean dynast  100

Alexandria   7, 9, 93

Jewish community of   16, 50, 91, 93

Ananus ben Ananus   6, 42

Anilaeus   70

Annas   116-7

Antigonus, Hasmonaean dynast   19

Antiochus III, king   16

Antiochus IV Epiphanes, king   16-17, 24-5

Antipas, heir of Herod   10

Antony   19, 32

Apion ‘Pleistonikes’   24-5, 87, 91-5

Apollonius Molon   95-6

apologetics   85-6, 101

Arabic language   104

Aramaic language   8, 16

Archelaus, heir of Herod   20

Aristobulus, Hasmonaean dynast   18-19

Aristotle   22, 45

Artapanus   57

Asinaeus   70

Assyria, Assyrians   13, 52, 71

Augustus, emperor   8, 11, 19, 32, 75

autobiography   see biography

Babylon, Babylonians   47, 71

destruction of First Temple by   13, 45-7

as analogue of Rome in the works of Josephus   45-7, 53, 59, 71

as historians of the Jews   89-90

Babylonian Talmud   99-101

bandits and banditry   38-42, 70, 116

Bannus   5

Bede   105

Berossus   54, 57, 60, 89, 118

Beth Horon   6

biography, Greek and Roman   74-6, 83

‘biostructuring’   83-4

Britain, Britons

in the Roman period   6, 34-5

after the Roman period   106, 109

Byzantine Empire   104

Caesar, C. Julius   19

Caesarea Maritima   11

Caiaphas   116-7

Caligula, emperor   3, 23, 32-3, 55, 69-70, 93

Canaan, Canaanites   11-12, 53

cannibalism   24-5, 46-7, 92, 109

Cassiodorus   87, 104

Cassius, assassin of Caesar   19, 32

Cassius Dio   99

Catullus, governor of Cyrene   50-51

Celsus   23

Cestius Gallus, governor of Syria   26, 34

Chaeremon   90-92

Christians, Christianity   101-6, 108

Christian supersessionism   101-6, 117

Cicero   24, 72

circumcision

as Jewish custom   17, 24, 94-5

of Apion ‘Pleistonikes’   94-5

Claudius, emperor   70

Clearchus of Soli   22

Cleopatra VII, queen   32

comedy   51, 87

commentarii   30

constitution, Mosaic Law presented as   86-7, 95-8

covenant   11-12, 13, 101

Crassus, M. Licinius   19, 32

crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth   101-2, 108

Cyrene   8, 50-51

Cyrus the Great, emperor   13

Daniel, Book of   15, 17

Daniel, prophet   53

Dathan   64-8

David, king   12, 13

Davidic dynasty   12

De Excidio Hierosolymitano   103

Dead Sea   10, 49

Decapolis   10

Defoe, Daniel   109

deicide, antisemitic accusation of   101-2, 105, 107

Demetrius the Chronographer   57

Destruction de Jérusalem, La   105

Deuteronomistic History   12-13, 26, 46

Deuteronomy, Book of   12, 46

diaspora, Jewish   16

dietary regulations, in Judaism   24

Dio   see Cassius Dio

Dionysius of Halicarnassus   57-8, 71

Domitian, emperor   8-9, 27, 48, 52-3, 85, 110

dreams as divine visions   6-7, 83

Egypt, Egyptians   10, 15, 104

and the Exodus   11-12, 22, 23, 63-4, 90-93

as haters of Jews   91-2

as historians of the Jews   89-92

Josephus’ mockery of   91-5

Eleazar ben Yair   43, 49-50, 114

emotion in historiography   44-5

English language   105-6, 109

Epaphroditus   9, 53, 72-3, 86, 95

Essenes   5, 97, 99

Esther, Book of   54-5

Eupolemus   57

Eusebius   102

Exodus, Book of   23, 61-3

Ezekiel, Book of   46

Festus, Porcius, procurator of Judaea   32-3

Feuchtwanger, Lion   110-111

Ficino, Marsilio   108

flamen Dialis   14

Flavian dynasty   8-9, 27-28, 34-8, 43, 47-8

Flavius Silva   49-50, 113

Gabinius, Aulus   32-3

Gaius, emperor   see Caligula

Galilee   6, 10, 12, 27-28, 40, 72-83

Gamala   35

Gaul, Gauls   48

Genesis, Book of   22, 59-60

Germany, Germans

in the Roman period   34-5

after the Roman period   110-111

Gessius Florus, Roman procurator of Judaea   6, 26, 32

God   see Yahweh

‘God-fearers’   23

gods   96

Greece, Greeks   16, 18, 88-90, 93

Greek culture and scholarship   18, 60-61, 85, 93

privileged position under Roman rule   1, 3, 18, 25, 58-9, 60-61, 66-7, 85, 88-90

Greek language   15-16, 58-9

Guttman, Shmaryahu   112

Hardy, Thomas   109

Hasmonaean dynasty   3, 17-18, 26, 53-4

Hata, Prof. Gohei   114-5

Hebrew Bible   11-15, 53-4

Hebrew language   54, 106-7

Hegesippus   see De Excidio Hierosolymitano

Herod, king   4, 11, 13, 19-20, 26, 30, 32-3, 55, 67-9

Herodian dynasty   20-21, 26, 53-4

Herodotus   24, 61-2, 71, 89, 108

historiography, Greek and Roman   28-9, 44-5, 53-5, 57-8, 62, 71

Josephus’ criticism of   52, 87-90

Hoffman, Alice   115-6

Holy of Holies   14, 18-19

Horace   103

Hyrcanus, Hasmonaean dynast   18-19

Ibn Khaldūn   104

Idumaea, Idumaeans   10, 41

Isaiah, Book of   22-3

Isidore of Seville   105

Isocrates   75

Israel, biblical kingdom   12-13, 53

Israel, modern state   111-4

Israel Defence Forces (IDF)   112-4

Italy, Italians

in the Roman period   48

after the Roman period   106-7, 108

Jacob   11

Japan, Japanese language   114-5

Jason of Cyrene   57

Jeremiah, Book of   46

Jeremiah, prophet   13

Jerusalem   3-4, 6, 10-11, 15, 28, 40-41

Lower City   4, 42

Upper City   4, 28, 42, 47

First Temple of   12, 45-7, 53

Second Temple of   3-4, 7-8, 13-14, 18-19, 26, 32, 34, 53

siege and destruction of   7-8, 26, 28, 42, 43-7, 101-6

Jesus ben Gamalas   39-40

Jesus of Nazareth   5, 23, 108

Jewish Revolt (66-73 CE)   5-8, 26-51, 53, 72-84

Jews   9-25

Greek and Roman attitudes towards   21-5, 85-98

privileges of under Roman rule   33-4

John of Gischala   40, 41, 47, 74, 80

John Hyrcanus, Hasmonaean dynast   100

Jonathan, refugee sicarius   50-51

Jordan, river   10

Joseph   11, 60

Josephus

education of   4-5, 73

embassy to Nero   5, 73

family of   3, 9, 29, 73

command in Galilee   6, 27-28, 72-84

capture by Vespasian   7

association with Titus   7-8

life in Rome   8-9

as a ‘propagandist’   34-8, 43-8

use of sources   29-30, 54-6

Joshua   12

Jotapata   6, 27-28, 77, 117

Judaea   9-11, 15-16, 18-21, 26-51

Judah, biblical kingdom   10, 12-13, 53

Judaean People's Front, splitters   39

Judaism   14-15, 21-5, 95-8, 99-101, 106-8

Judas the Galilean   33-4

Julius Caesar   see Caesar, C. Julius

Justus of Tiberias   74, 76-9

Kipling, Rudyard   109

kohanim   see priests, Jewish

Korah   64-8

Lamdan, Yitzhak   111-2

Lamentations, Book of   46

Latin language   103-4

lepers and leprosy   92

Letter of Aristeas   16, 55

Livy   38, 55, 57, 71, 101, 106

Luke, Gospel of   5

Lysimachus   90-2, 95-6

Maccabean Revolt   16-17, 26, 30-31, 53, 67

Macedon, Macedonians   15-18, 71

Manetho   54, 57, 89, 90-92, 118

Maria of Bethezuba, refugee and cannibal   46-7, 105, 109

Mario, fictional Italian plumber   79

Marius, Gaius   66

Mark Antony   see Antony

Masada   41-2, 99, 103, 107, 111, 115-6

Josephus’ narrative of the fall of   49-50, 111

archaeological investigations of   112-3

receptions of Josephus’ narrative of   112-6

Matthew, Gospel of   20

Media, Medes   52, 60, 71

Mishnah   99

Mithridates VI, king   18

Mograbi, Avi   113-4

Moses   11-12, 13, 53, 54-5, 60, 61, 90-93, 95-8

Greek and Roman knowledge of   22, 23

as Jewish lawgiver   62, 95-8

characterization of by Josephus   62-7

myth   60-62, 96

Nabataean kingdom   10

Nazis and Nazism   110-111

Nebuchadnezzar II, king   13, 45-7

Nero, emperor   3, 5, 7, 34, 40, 73

Nerva, emperor   85

Nicolaus of Damascus   30, 55

Noah   62

Numbers, Book of   40, 64-8

Numenius of Apamea   22

O'Toole, Peter   113

Old Testament   see Hebrew Bible

Olympian Zeus   11, 17

On the Sublime   22

Ovid   24

Palestine, Palestinians   111-4

British Mandate for Palestine   111-2

Parthia, Parthians   19, 70

pathos   see emotion in historiography, tragedy

People's Front of Judaea, fictional liberation movement   39

Pericles   42

Persia, Persians   13-15, 30, 53, 60, 71

Pharisees   5, 97, 100, 116-7

as perceived ancestors of rabbis   117

Philo of Alexandria   11, 118

Philo of Byblos   60, 118

philosophy, Judaism presented as   62, 97-8

Phinehas   40

Phoenicia, Phoenicians   10, 89

Photius   73

Pilate, Pontius, procurator of Judaea   33, 116

Platina, Bartolomeo   108

Plato   22, 89

Pliny the Elder   4, 93, 99

Plutarch   75

Polybius   29, 30, 55

Pompeii   4

Pompey the Great   18-19, 31

Pontius Pilate   see Pilate, Pontius

Poppaea Sabina   5

Porphyry   99

priests, Jewish   1, 4, 9, 14, 16-17, 21, 34, 40

providence, providential history   26, 36, 42, 45-7, 58-9, 70-71, 82-4

pseudo-Hegesippus   see De Excidio Hierosolymitano

pseudo-Rufinus   104

Ptolemaic dynasty   15-16

Ptolemy II, king   16, 56

Quinctilius Varus   see Varus, P. Quinctilius

Quintilian   79

rabbinic literature   see Babylonian Talmud, Mishnah, Tosefta

Republic, Roman   18-19, 32, 66

rhetoric   63, 65-8, 80-82, 86

Rome   3, 5, 8, 16, 43, 48, 50-51

Roman Empire   1-2, 20-21, 31-4, 37-8, 47, 53-4, 71, 118-9

Rufinus   see pseudo-Rufinus

sabbath-observance   15, 24

Sadducees   5, 97, 100

Sallust   103

Salome Alexandra, Hasmonaean queen   18

Samaria, Samaritans   10, 12

sanhedrin   21

Saul, king   12

Sea of Galilee   10

Sefer Yosippon   104, 106-7, 111

Seleucid dynasty   15, 16-18, 30-31

Senate, Roman   19

Sepphoris   10

Septuagint bible   16, 54, 56

Sibylline Oracles   61

sicarii (see also Masada)   40-41, 49-50, 113, 115-6

Siege of Jerusalem, The   105-6

Silius Italicus   49

Simon bar Gioras   41-2, 47

slavery, as metaphor for colonial rule   31, 37-8

Slavonic Josephus   104

Solomon, king   12

stasis   27-8, 38-9, 48, 64-8, 80

in Thucydides   38-9

among Jewish rebel factions   27-28, 38-9, 50

among Romans (69 CE)   7, 27-8

Strabo   22, 30, 55

Suetonius   37, 75, 99

Suetonius Paulinus   75

suicide   7, 49-50, 106-7, 111-3

Sulla, L. Cornelius   75, 83

succession of empires   see translatio imperii

supersessionism   see Christian supersessionism

Swift, Jonathan   109

symphonia   88-9, 92, 96-8

Syria   10, 18, 21, 34

Tacitus   4, 22, 23-4, 70, 75-6, 81, 99, 103, 118

Talmud   see Babylonian Talmud

Tanakh   see Hebrew Bible

Tarichaeae   35-6, 82

taxation, Roman   33-4

Temple of Jerusalem   see Jerusalem, First Temple of; Jerusalem, Second Temple of Tertullian   86

Testimonium Flavianum   108

theocracy   98

Thucydides   8, 26, 28-29, 42, 45, 52, 54, 64-5, 108

Tiberias   10, 77-8

Tiberius, emperor   93

Tiberius Julius Alexander, Roman administrator   33, 110

Titus, general and emperor   6-9, 26, 27-28, 48, 104, 110

Josephus’ characterization of   36-7

clemency of   36-7

responsibility for destruction of Jerusalem Temple   37, 43-7

Torah, Torah-observance   5, 9, 14-15, 40, 53, 59, 82, 117

Tosefta   99

tradition, traditionalism

Jewish   33-4

Roman   5, 33-4, 87

opposed to Greek innovation   96-7

tragedy   44-5, 51, 69

Trajan, emperor   85, 110-111

Transjordan   10, 46

translatio imperii   71

triumph of Vespasian and Titus (71 CE)   8, 48, 103

Twain, Mark   109

tyrants and tyranny   39, 64-6, 69

Ur of the Chaldees   11

Varro   23

Varus, P. Quinctilius   33

Vespasian, general and emperor   6-9, 26, 27-8, 48, 73-4, 100, 104

Josephus’ characterization of   34-6

participation in Roman civil war of 69 CE   7, 27-28, 36, 48, 105

Vindicta Salvatoris   105-6

Virgil   22-3, 103, 106

Whiston, William   109

William of Malmesbury   105

William of Newburgh   106

Wissenschaft des Judentums   107

Xenophon   75

Yadin, Prof. Yigael   112-3

Yahweh   4, 11-15, 31, 36, 45-7, 49-51, 64-8, 70-71, 82-3, 101-6, 110

Yavneh   100

Yiddish language   107

Yohanan ben Zakkai   100-101

Yom Tov   106

York, mass suicide of Jewish community of (1190)   106

zealots   39-40, 113, 114