In attempting to summarize recent developments and the present position in Ciceronian studies I have had to make somewhat arbitrary decisions in the matters of arrangement, selection, and approach.

Cicero’s writings fall into well-recognized groups: speeches, letters, writings on philosophy and rhetoric, and verse. I have followed precedent in treating the philosophical and rhetorical writings separately and last, and my own inclination in saying nothing of the verse. But the man is more than his writings, and I have in the main related consideration of the speeches and letters to the discussion of his life, and accordingly shall say little of purely linguistic and textual work in these fields.