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Levels of selection and macroevolutionary patterns in the turritellid gastropods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2016

Bruce S. Lieberman,
Warren D. Allmon and
Niles Eldredge
Bruce S. Lieberman
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
Warren D. Allmon
Affiliation:
Paleontological Research Institution, 1259 Trumansburg Road, Ithaca, New York 14850
Niles Eldredge
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrates, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024
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Abstract

This analysis examines the evolution of the greater diversity of species with non-planktonic larval types relative to species with planktonic larval types in the turritellid gastropods. This sort of trend has been documented in both the fossil and recent biota of several gastropod families. Two mechanisms for generating diversity gradients in larval types have been proposed in the literature. The first, species selection, focuses on the population biology of larval types. The second proposes that factors in development that are mediated by organismal adaptation are responsible. Turritellids have been cited as a classic example of species selection. In order to examine the relevance of these two proposed mechanisms, a phylogenetic analysis of the turritellids using molecular sequence data was performed to determine the evolution of larval types in this clade. The resultant phylogeny suggests that species selection is not the only process driving the trend toward increasing numbers of non-planktonic species through time. Developmental processes, apart from those involving organismal adaptation (except in the trivial sense), are implicated as playing a role in this trend. In particular, these processes may involve changes in the timing of germ-line sequestration in organisms. Germ-line sequestration governs how accessible organisms are to heritable variation during ontogeny. Embryological evidence from gastropods suggests that non-planktonic species have early germ-line sequestration relative to planktonic species, making them more resistant to developmental change. Thus, non-planktonic lineages will only rarely revert to a planktonic larval mode.

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Paleobiology , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , Spring 1993, pp. 205 - 215
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

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