Hostname: page-component-6898cfcb55-zsp5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-11T15:46:38.498Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Leading tones and downstep in English*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2009

Martine Grice
Martine Grice
Affiliation:
University of the Saarland
Get accessRights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In early autosegmental studies certain segments were specially marked with a ‘star’ diacritic. These starred segments had a priority association; only in a later stage of the derivation were other segments associated. Starred associations were resistant to modification by subsequent rules: ‘the point is to preserve the prominence of the star’ (Goldsmith 1979: 129). An associated tone had as its phonetic exponent a high or low pitch occurring approximately at the same time as the associated item(s) on the phoneme tier, usually a vowel.

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Phonology , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , August 1995, pp. 183 - 233
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, M. D.., Pierrehumbert, J. B. & Liberman, M. Y. (1984). Synthesis by rule of English intonation patterns. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. New York: IEEE. 2.8.1–2.8.4.Google Scholar
Beckman, M.E. & Ayers, G.M. (1994). Guidelines for ToBI labeling. Columbus: Ohio State University.Google Scholar
Beckman, M.E. & Pierrehumbert, J.B. (1986). Intonational structure in English and Japanese. Phonology Yearbook 3. 255–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolinger, D. (1986). Intonation and its parts. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Bolinger, D. (1989). Intonation and its uses. London: Edward Arnold.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruce, G. (1977). Swedish word accents in sentence perspective. Lund: Gleerup.Google Scholar
Bruce, G. (1983). Accentuation and timing in Swedish. Folia Linguistica 8. 221–238.Google Scholar
Bruce, G. & Garding, E. (1978). A prosodic typology for Swedish dialects. In Garding, E., Bruce, G. & Bannert, R. (eds.) Nordic prosody. Lund: Gleerup. 219–228.Google Scholar
Couper-Kuhlen, E. (1986). An introduction to English prosody. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Coustenoble, H. & Armstrong, L. (1934). Studies in French intonation. Cambridge: Heffer.Google Scholar
Cruttenden, A. (1986). Intonation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crystal, D. (1969). Prosodic systems and intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Docherty, G.J. & D.R., Ladd (eds.) (1992). Papers in laboratory phonology II: gesture, segment, prosody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, J. (1979). Autosegmentalphonology. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Grice, M. (1992). The intonation of interrogation in Palermo Italian: implications for intonation theory. PhD thesis, University College London. Published 1995, Tubingen: Niemeyer.Google Scholar
Gussenhoven, C. (1983). Focus, mode and the nucleus. JL 19. 377–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gussenhoven, C. (1984). On the grammar and semantics of sentence accents. Dordrecht: Foris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, B. (1992). Comments on chapter 10. In Docherty & Ladd (1992). 280–286.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. & M., Grice (1990). The phonological status of stylised intonation contours. Work in Progress, Speech, Hearing and Language, UCL 4. 227–256.Google Scholar
Jones, D. (1940). An outline of English phonetics. 6th edn. Cambridge:Heffer.Google Scholar
Kaye, J., Lowenstamm, J. & J.R. Vergnaud (1990). Constituent structure and government in phonology. Phonology 7. 193–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingdon, R. (1958). The groundwork of English intonation. London: Longmans, Green &Co.Google Scholar
Kingston, J. & M., Beckman (eds.) (1990). Papers in laboratory phonology I: between the grammar and physics of speech. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohler, K.J. (ed.) (1991). Studies in German intonation. Kiel: AIPUK.Google Scholar
Ladd, D.R. (1980). The structure of intonational meaning: evidence from English. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Ladd, D.R. (1983). Phonological features of intonational peaks. Lg 59. 721–759.Google Scholar
Ladd, D.R. (1990). Metrical representation of pitch register. In Kingston & Beckman (1990). 35–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leben, W.R. (1976). The tones of English intonation. Linguistic Analysis 2. 69–107.Google Scholar
Liberman, M. (1975). The intonational system of English. PhD dissertation, MIT. Published 1980, New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Liberman, M. & I., Sag (1974). Prosodic form and discourse function. CLS 10. 416–427.Google Scholar
Lindsey, G.A. (1985). Tonal structure and the expression of a pragmatic function in English and other languages. PhD dissertation, UCLA.Google Scholar
Lüfqvist, A., Baer, T., N. S. McGarr & R. S. Story (1989). The cricothyroid muscle in voicing control. JASA 85. 1314–1321.Google Scholar
Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. (1986). Prosodic phonology. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Nolan, F. (1992). The descriptive role of segments: evidence from assimilation. In Docherty & Ladd (1992). 261–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connor, J.D. & Arnold, G.F. (1961). Intonation of colloquial English. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J.B. (1980). The phonetics and phonology of English intonation. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J.B. & Beckman, M.E. (1988). Japanese tone structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J.B. & Hirschberg, J. (1990). The meaning of intonation contours in the interpretation of discourse. In P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan & M. E. Pollack (eds.) Intentions in communication. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 271–311CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J.B. & Steele, S.A. (1989). Categories of tonal alignment in English. Phonetica 46. 181–196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prieto, P. (forthcoming). Aproximacio als contorns entonatius del Catala Central. Caplletra 18.Google Scholar
Selkirk, E.O. (1984). Phonology and syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT PressGoogle Scholar
Shakbagova, D.A. (1982). Varieties of English pronunciation. Moscow: Vishcha Skola.Google Scholar
Silverman, K.A. & Pierrehumbert, J.B. (1990). The timing of prenuclear High accents in English. In Kingston & Beckman (1990). 72–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yip, M. (1989). Contour tones. Phonology 6. 149–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar