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Notes on Emerson in Latin America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

John E. Englekirk
John E. Englekirk*
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles, 24
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Extract

A number of chapters—some definitive, others suggestive—have already appeared to afford us a clearer picture of the reception of United States writers and writings in Latin America. Studies on Franklin, Poe, Longfellow, and Whitman provide reasonably good coverage on major representative figures of our earlier literary years. There are other nineteenth-century writers, however, who deserve more extended treatment than that given in the summary and bibliographical studies available to date. A growing body of data may soon make possible the addition of several significant chapters with which to round out this period in the history of inter-American literary relations. Bryant and Dickinson will be the only poets to call for any specific attention. Fiction writers will prove more numerous. Irving, Cooper, Hawthorne, Hearn, Hart, Melville, and Twain will figure in varying degrees of prominence. Of these, some like Irving and Cooper early captured the Latin American imagination; others like Hawthorne, and particularly Melville, were to remain virtually unknown until our day. Paine and Prescott and Mann will represent yet other facets of American letters and thought.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
PMLA , Volume 76 , Issue 3 , June 1961, pp. 227 - 232
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 1961

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References

Note 1 in page 227 For Franklin, see my “Franklin en el mundo hispano,” RI, 4142 (1956), 319–371. For Poe, see my Poe in Hispanic Literature (New York: Institute de las Espanas, 1934). For Longfellow, see my “Notes on Longfellow in Spanish America,” Hisp., xxv (1942), 295–308, and also my El epistolario Pombo-Longjellow (Bogota: Institute Caro y Cuervo, 1954). For Whitman, see Fernando Alegrîa, Walt Whitman en His-panoamérica (Mexico: Studium, 1954), and also my “Notes on Whitman in Spanish America,” HR, vi (1938), 133–138, my “Whitman y el antimodernismo,” RI, xiii (1947), 3952, and my “Walt Whitman: ‘indomable e intraducible’, ” Sexto Congreso del Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana (Mexico, 1954), 65–79.

Note 2 in page 227 For a preliminary view of their reception, see my Bibliografia de obras norteamericanas en traducción espanola (Mexico: “Revista Iberoamericana,” 1944) and my A literatura norleamericana no Brasil (Mexico: “Revista Iberoamericana,” 1950).

Note 3 in page 227 José Marti, Obras complétas (La Habana: Editorial Lex, 1946), i, 1051–62. Marti's lines were first published in La Opinion Nacional of Caracas for 19 May 1882.

Note 4 in page 227 Obras (Buenos Aires, 1885), iii, 162.

Note 5 in page 227 For data on Emerson's life and works, and for his reception in England and France, see Ralph L. Rusk, The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1949).

Note 6 in page 228 Cf. Sarmiento, Obras, iii, 211–212. The Revue article (xvi, 1846, 625–659) is entitled “De l'américanisme et des Républiques du Sud… Vida de Juan Facundo Quiroga por Domingo F. Sarmiento.”

Note 7 in page 228 Obras, xlvii, 67.

Note 8 in page 228 Obras, xlv, 374–376.

Note 9 in page 229 José Ingénieras, Eacia una moral sin dogmas, 2 ed. (Buenos Aires: L. J. Rosso, 1919), p. 71.

Note 10 in page 229 See note 3 above.

Note 111 in page 229 have not seen this obituary by Varona, and to my knowledge it has not been reprinted. However, Varona's esteem for Emerson is clear, and reiterated over a long pe-riod of years, beginning with his lecture on Emerson delivered at the Nuevo Liceo de la Habana on 13 March 1884. See Enrique José Varona, Seis conferencias (Barcelona: Bi-blioteca de “La Ilustración Cubana,” n.d.), pp. 149–185.

Note 12 in page 229 Fabulas y verdades (Bogota: Imprenta Nacional, 1916), pp. 39–40.

Note 13 in page 229 See my El epistolario Pombo-Longjellow, p. 30.

Note 14 in page 229 La Edad de Oro (New York), i (Oct. 1889), 16.

Note 15 in page 229 Gabriel Zéndegui, Sones de la lira inglesa (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1920), pp. 36, 141–143.

Note 16 in page 229 Cf. John De Lancey Ferguson, American Literature in Spain (New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1916), pp. 158–160.

Note 17 in page 230 For a good comparative study on Unamuno and Emerson, see Peter G. Earle, “Emerson and Unamuno: Notes on a Congeniality,” Sym, x (Fall 1956), 189–203.

Note 18 in page 230 Donald F. Fogelquist, “Helios, voz de un renacimiento hispánico,” RI, 40 (1955), 297.

Note 19 in page 230 For preliminary notes on Emerson in Portugal and Brazil, see my A literalura norteamericana no Brasil, pp. 30–32, 94. It will be seen that Portuguese versions of Emerson, whether brought out in Portugal or Brazil, have been far fewer in number than the Spanish. Furthermore, what seems to have been the first Portuguese edition appeared in Porto as late as 1913. But, admittedly, my coverage of the Luso-Brazilian field, and particularly Portugal, has been less thorough to date than of the Spanish-speaking world.

Note 20 in page 230 Obras, xxviii, 262.

Note 21 in page 230 Obras completas (Buenos Aires: Eds. Antonio Zamora, 1948), 214–215.

Note 22 in page 231 “Emerson,” Pacîfico Magazine, x (Sept. 1917), 313–320.

Note 23 in page 231 “Emerson. En el silencio y en la soledad,” Revista Chilena, i (Aug. 1917), 457–474.

Note 24 in page 231 Op. cit., p. 32.

Note 25 in page 231 Félix Lizaso, “Emerson visto por Marti,” Humanisme-(Mexico), iii (Sept. 1954), 35.

Note 26 in page 231 Elvira Santa Cruz y Ossa, “José Enrique Rodó,” Revista Chilena, ii (Sept. 1917), 72–73.

Note 27 in page 231 William Rex Crawford, A Century of Latin American Thought (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1944), p. 95.

Note 28 in page 231 Cumbres excelsas (Bolivar y Miranda) (Caracas: Cuadernos literarios de la Asociación de Escritores Venezolanos, 1954).

Note 29 in page 232 Buenos Aires: Babel, n.d. (1954).

Note 30 in page 232 As modernas correnles estélicas na literalura brasileira (Rio: Garner, 1907), p. 211.

Note 31 in page 232 Noções de história da literatura brasileira (Rio: Francisco Alves, 1931), pp. 298–299.