^{page 519 note 1} Kuhn's Zeitschrift, xxxiii, 481–535.

^{page 520 note 1} Principles and Methods in Latin Syntax, New York, 1901, chap. vi, pp. 113–149.

^{page 520 note 2} Op. cit., p. 146.

^{page 520 note 3} Cf. especially Morris, The Independent Subjunctive in Plautus, Amer. Journ. of Phil., xviii, 133–167, 275–301, 383–401; Becker, Beiordnende und unterordnende Satzverbindung bei den altrömischen Bühnendichtern, Metz, 1888; Hentze, Die Parataxis bei Homer, Gottingen, 1888–91; Behagel, Germania, xxiv, 167 ff.; Delbrück, Vergleichende Syntax der indogermanischen, Sprachen, iii, 416–423.

^{page 520 note 4} Grammatik, 1012, 1040, 1042, 1057.

^{page 520 note 5} Grundriss ¹, i, 226.

^{page 521 note 1} Satzbeiordnung für Satzunterordnung im Altfranzösichen, Berlin, 1888.

^{page 521 note 2} Grammatik, iii, §§ 535–541.

^{page 522 note 1} Taken from Bonnet, Le Latin de Grégoire de Tours, Paris, 1890.

^{page 522 note 2} Monaci, Crestomazia italiana dei primi secoli, Città del Castello, 1889–97.

^{page 522 note 3} Edition Pellegrini, Bologna, 1901.

^{page 522 note 4} Oxford edition.

^{page 522 note 5} Del Lungo, “Edizione scolastica,” Florence, 1902.

^{page 523 note 1} Cf. for Italian, Guit. Sonnet 117, 4, Il tuo affare m'è tanto amoroso Ch'ogni preghero fai prendo in comando; Dino, i, 21, Con lui era uno figliuolo d'uno affinatore d'ariento, si chiamava il Nero Cambi; and for Old French, Dubislav, 5, 6; and Tobler, VB, iii, 66.

^{page 524 note 1} Doncieux, Romancero populaire de la France, xvii, 6.

^{page 524 note 2} Wolf und Hoffmann, Primavera y Flor de Romances, ii, 112.

^{page 524 note 3} Child, No. 65, A, 19.

^{page 525 note 1} Cf. in Italian, Dino, i, 2, E ordinorono ucciderlo il dì menasse la donna; e così feciono.

^{page 526 note 1} Cf. in Italian, Dino, i, 4, E chiamoronsi Priori delle Arti, e stettono nella torre di Castagna appresso alla Badia acciò non temessono le minaccie de’ potenti. For Old French, Dubislav, 10, 11,

^{page 527 note 1} See Meyer-Lübke, § 538; and for Old French, Dubislav, 12 ff.

^{page 527 note 2} For Italian, cf. Monaci, 35, 2, 22, Di tanto bello sete: Non è donna ki sia alt’ a si bella pare; Dino, ii, 20, Il padre loro gli disse che … gli darebbe tante delle sue terre sarebbe sodisfatto.

^{page 528 note 1} See Tobler, VB, i², 134.

^{page 528 note 2} For Italian, cf. Monaci, 26, 2, 30, E certa bene ancoscio, k'a pena mi conoscio, Tanto bella mi pare.

^{page 529 note 1} Such occur however in Italian: Monaci, 26, 5, 87, Lo mio core non insomma se non scietto, si m'à stretto Pur di voi, madonna.

^{page 529 note 2} For Italian, cf. Guit. canzone 7, 107, Temevi si: non osa mettersi ‘n voi.

^{page 529 note 3} Cf. for Italian, Guit. sonnet 15, 13, Seraggio tal: non credo esser blasmato.

^{page 530 note 1} Cf. for Italian, Monaci, 39, 15, Io perciò nom lasso d'amarla, oi me lasso, Tale mi mena orgoglio; Dante, Inf. 9, 8, Pure a noi converrà vincer la punga, cominciò ei; se non … tal ne s'offerse.

^{page 530 note 2} Note how the concept is carried forward by lor in the second paratactic sentence.

^{page 531 note 1} For similar sentences in Old French, see Dubislav, 21 ff.; and cf. Tobler, VB., i, 131 ff.

^{page 532 note 1} With the var. lect. que sa valors. The que must be rejected on account of the metre; but the variant shows how easily the subordinating conjunction could be introduced.

^{page 532 note 2} Cf. for Italian, Guit., sonnet 8, 10, Tanto de dolzor meve donate ch'amorti lo venen si: non m'aucida.

^{page 534 note 1} Note the que in the second sentence, correlated with tro.

^{page 534 note 2} This use of ante is not infrequent in Italian; cf. Monaci, 46, 143, Esto fatto fare potevi inanti scalfi un uovo; Dino, i, 29, Io Dino Compagni, desideroso di unità e pace fra’ cittadini, aranti si partissero, dissi.

^{page 535 note 1} Cf. for Italian, Monaci, 32, 11, Lo partir non mi vale; Ch'adesso mi reprende Amor ch'en omo asende, Poi li piace; Dante, Canz. x, 136, Di radica di ben altro ben tira, Poi suo simile è in grado.

^{page 535 note 2} Cf. Diez, p. 1021, note, and Kolsen, note to Guiraut de Bornelh, i, 20.

^{page 536 note 1} See Morris, pp. 124–131.

^{page 538 note 1} For similar sentences in Old French, see Dubislav, 24, 25; Meyer-Lübke, § 538; for Italian, cf. Guit. sonnet, 24, 4, Tu paghi più l'om, sua disianza: Non fa quello que tene in signoria.

^{page 540 note 1} Cf. the French Dis-moi qui tu hantes, je te dirai qui tu es.

^{page 540 note 2} Cf. for Italian, Dino, ii, 10, Signori, volete esser consigliati, fate l'uficio nuovo, ritornate i confinait a città.

^{page 540 note 3} In the Latin original: cum igitur … passus sit.

^{page 541 note 1} This type of parataxis, with indefinite subject formed by a relative clause, goes back to Latin; cf. Plautus, Pers. 373, Dicat quod quisque volt: ego non demovebo.

^{page 541 note 2} For Old French, see Dubislav, 16, 17; for Italian, cf. Guit., canzone 20, 93, Gentil mia donna, fosse in voi tesoro Quanto v'è senno in cor, la più valente Fora ver voi neente; but without inversion, Dino, iii, 5, facendo noi pace, e Pistoia rimanesse a'nostri avversarii, noi saremo ingannati.

^{page 542 note 1} For examples in Old French, see Dubislav, 17.

^{page 542 note 2} In late Provençal, the locution ja sia so que, ja sia aisso que, has become a conjunction, like French jaçoit que; cf. Ap. Ch. 109, 7; Gesta 73, 660, 1455, 2019, etc.

^{page 542 note 3} The latest study of such sentences is that by Ebeling, in the Festschrift für Adolf Tobler, Braunschweig, 1905. Cf. the remarks by Tobler, Archiv f. neueren Sprachen, cxv, 244, and Dubislav, 18–20.

^{page 543 note 1} Cf. for Italian, Monaci, 41, 5, 6, Pote orno fare tal movimento. Pur asgio n'agia.

^{page 544 note 1} Cf. for Italian, Monaci, 36, 2, 18, Par k'eo n'agia, avante Si kom om ke si crede Salvarsi per sua fede, Ancor non vegia avanie.

^{page 544 note 2} See Dubislav, 22.

^{page 545 note 1} See Morris, Methods in Syntax, pp. 126, 132.

^{page 546 note 1} In Amer. Journ. of Phil., xviii, especially pp. 202–301.

^{page 546 note 2} See Bonnet, pp. 666 ff.

^{page 546 note 3} Cf. Rud. 1269, censen. hodie despondebit eam mihi, quaeso? Epid. 584, quid loquar vis?

^{page 547 note 1} For Old French, see Dubislav, 4–5, but the author's treatment of these forms is brief.

^{page 548 note 1} For Italian, cf. Guit., sonnet 2, 12, Ben credo la vorresti altro servire.

^{page 548 note 2} For Italian, cf. Guit., canzone 20, 30, Al qual donna saven (= sappiamo) meglio contende.

^{page 549 note 1} For Italian, cf. Dino, i, 22, Uno masnadiere de’ Donati, il quale si disse fu Piero Spini.

^{page 550 note 1} Similar Latin wish-subjunctives in Plautus, often containing the name of a god, are given by Morris, Subjunctive, p. 150.

^{page 551 note 1} If the main utterance be thought of as actually existing, the indicative is used, as in Rud. 7, 27, Grailles e fresca ab cor plazen, E non cre gensser-s'enseigna, which is otherwise of the usual type. Such cases are very rare.

^{page 552 note 1} Cf. Dubislav, 4, 5; Meyer-Lubke, § 557.

^{page 552 note 2} In this sentence the hypothetical character of the subjunctive aon is clearly indicated by the preceding protasis.

^{page 552 note 3} For Italian, cf. Guit., canzone 12, 21, Mai de servir lei non credo penta; Dante, sestina iii, 13, non credo fosse mat virtute in erba Di tal salute.

^{page 553 note 1} Cf. Schmalz, Lateinische Syntax ³, § 267.

^{page 554 note 1} This subjunctive is clearly optative.

^{page 556 note 1} See Meyer-Lübke, §§ 118–19.

^{page 557 note 1} For Italian, cf. Monaci, 46, 16, Ke ‘l nostro amore ajungasi non voglio m’ atolenti; Dino, iii, 12, Il re di Francia non volea si partisse di là.

^{page 558 note 1} For Italian, cf. Monaci, 46, 18, Guarda non t'argolgano questi forti corenti.

^{page 558 note 2} For Italian, cf. Monaci, 26, 3, 16, Eo prego l'amore, a cui pregha ogni amante, Li miei sospiri e pianti Vi pungano lo core.

^{page 559 note 1} Here the attracted object is repeated by a personal pronoun in the subjunctive sentence.

^{page 559 note 2} See Schmalz, § 211.

^{page 559 note 3} Tobler has shown how out of this originally paratactic construction is to be explained the “expletive” ne in French je crains qu'il ne vienne.

^{page 560 note 1} For Italian, cf. Dante, canzone xii, 29, Chè più mi trema il core, qualora io penso di lei in parte, ov’ altri gli occhi induca, Per tema non traluca Lo mio pensier; Dino, i, 19, Sentendolo messer Niccola, ebbe paura non si palesasse più.

^{page 562 note 1} Here the paratactic subjunctive sentence is correlative with a que-clause, as in other cases already considered.

^{page 562 note 2} For Italian, cf. Guit., sonnet 24, 3, La cosa ch'altrui par venen sia, è sola medecina al mio dolore. Dino, ii, 20, Messer Carlo di Valos signore di grande e disordinata spesa, convenne palesasse la sun rea intenzione.

^{page 562 note 3} For Italian, cf. Guit., canzone ii, 15, Certo che ben è ragione Me sia noios’ e spiacente; Dante, sestina iii, 10, E sento doglia che par uom mi colli.

^{page 563 note 1} Cf. Otfried, 1, 17, 1, Nist man nihein in uuoroltî thaz saman al irsageti; 1, 3, 21, burg nist thes uuenke.

^{page 563 note 2} Grammatik, 1043.

^{page 564 note 1} Grammatik, § 540.

^{page 564 note 2} Op. cit., pp. 6–7.

^{page 564 note 3} Germania, xvii, 257 ff.

^{page 564 note 4} Ibid., xxiv, 167 ff.

^{page 564 note 5} Vergl. Syntax, iii, 381–85.

^{page 564 note 6} Principien ², 115.

^{page 564 note 7} Cf. Morris, Subjunctive, pp. 287–92.

^{page 565 note 1} Cf. the common Old French “cheville,” ne poet muer n'en plurt, Roland, 826.

^{page 566 note 1} Similar constructions are of doubtful recurrence in Old French; cf. Dubislav, p. 7.

^{page 566 note 2} This sentence may be considered as a contamination of two types of parataxis, the contrasted and the defining.

^{page 566 note 3} For Italian, cf. Guit., sonnet 33, 8, Omo non è già sì ferma ‘n sua fede, non fallisse, ant’ eo ver vostro amare; ibid., canzone 13, 13, Altro non è sì ben cominci e sovri En tutto ciò dove donna altra s'ovri.

^{page 567 note 1} That om is here the late analogical accusative form is unlikely. Arnaut Daniel keeps faithfully to the old declension om—ome; cf. 14, 17 and 17, 29.

^{page 569 note 1} Cf. also Ba. Ch. 167, 12, where the relation is still more complicated.

^{page 569 note 2} For Old French, see Dubislav, 25. In Italian, however, we find sentences of this locative character which present the pure type of defining parataxis; cf. Quit., canzone 16, 52, Nel momdo non è loco ne canto, No li portasse pietanza e doglia.

^{page 569 note 3} Op. cit, p. 7.

^{page 571 note 1} Sprache als Schöpfung und Entwicklung, p. 131.

^{page 571 note 2} For Old French forms lacking in Provencal, see Dubislav, p. 7, 9.

^{page 572 note 1} Except with Dino Compagni, whose short-hand style is evidently peculiar to himself.

^{page 572 note 2} See Revillout, Revue des langues romanes, viii, pp. 5–18.

^{page 572 note 3} See Greving, Studien über die Nebensätze bei Villehardouin, Kiel, 1903.