Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-fvjsw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T13:29:49.770Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Observations of shock-loaded tin and zirconium surfaces with single-pulse X-ray diffraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 February 2012

Dane V. Morgan,
Mike Grover,
Don Macy,
Mike Madlener,
Gerald Stevens and
William D. Turley
Dane V. Morgan*
Affiliation:
National Security Technologies, LLC, Los Alamos Operations, 182 East Gate Drive, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
Mike Grover
Affiliation:
National Security Technologies, LLC, Los Alamos Operations, 182 East Gate Drive, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
Don Macy
Affiliation:
National Security Technologies, LLC, Los Alamos Operations, 182 East Gate Drive, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
Mike Madlener
Affiliation:
National Security Technologies, LLC, Los Alamos Operations, 182 East Gate Drive, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
Gerald Stevens
Affiliation:
National Security Technologies, LLC, Los Alamos Operations, 182 East Gate Drive, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
William D. Turley
Affiliation:
National Security Technologies, LLC, Los Alamos Operations, 182 East Gate Drive, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: morgandv@nv.doe.gov
Get access

Abstract

A single-pulse X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagnostic has been developed for the investigation of shocked material properties on a very short time scale. The diagnostic, which consists of a 37-stage Marx bank high-voltage pulse generator coupled to a needle-and-washer electron beam diode via coaxial cable, produces line-and-bremsstrahlung X-ray emission in a 40 ns pulse. The molybdenum anode produces 0.71 Å characteristic Kα lines used for diffraction. The X-ray beam passes through a pinhole collimator and is incident on the sample with an approximately 2 mm×5 mm spot and 1° full width at half maximum angular divergence. Coherent scattering from the sample produces a Debye-Scherrer diffraction pattern on an image plate located at 75 mm from the polycrystalline sample surface. An experimental study of the polycrystalline structures of zirconium and tin under high-pressure shock loading has been conducted with single-pulse XRD. The experimental targets were 0.1-mm-thick foils of zirconium and tin using 0.4-mm-thick vitreous carbon back windows for shock loading, and the shocks were produced by either Detasheet or PBX-9501 high explosives buffered by 1-mm-thick 6061-T6 aluminum. The diffraction patterns from both shocked zirconium and tin indicated a phase transition into a polymorphic mix of amorphous and new solid phases.

Keywords

X-ray diffractionshock physicspulsed X-ray sourcezirconiumtin

Information

Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , June 2010, pp. 138 - 142
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Barnett, J. D., Bean, V. E., and Hall, H. T. (1966). “X-ray diffraction studies on tin to 100 kbar,” J. Appl. Phys. JAPIAU 37, 875–877.10.1063/1.1708275CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, J. D., Bennion, R. B., and Hall, H. T. (1963). “X-ray diffraction studies on tin at high pressure and high temperature,” Science SCIEAS 141, 1041–1042.10.1126/science.141.3585.1041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buy, Furnish, F., Voltz, C., and Llorca, F. (2006). “Thermodynamically based equation of state for shock wave studies: Applications to the design of experiments on tin,” in Shock Compression of Matter–2005, edited by M. D., , Elert, M., Russell, T. P., and White, C. T. (American Institute of Physics, Melville), pp. 41–44.Google Scholar
Davis, Elert J. and Hayes, D. B. (2007). “Measurement of the dynamic β-γ phase boundary in tin,” in Shock Compression of Condensed Matter–2007, edited by M., , Furnish, M. D., Chau, R., Holmes, N., and Nguyen, J. (American Institute of Physics, Melville), pp. 159–162.Google Scholar
Hatt, B. A. and Roberts, J. A. (1960). “The ω-phase in zirconium base alloys,” Acta Metall. AMETAR 8, 575–584.10.1016/0001-6160(60)90112-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamieson, J. C. (1963). “Crystal structures of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium at high pressure,” Science SCIEAS 140, 72–73.10.1126/science.140.3562.72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabire, C. and Héreil, P. L. (2000). “Shock induced polymorphic transition and melting of tin up to 53 GPa (experimental study and modeling),” J. Phys. IV JPICEI 10, 749–753.10.1051/jp4:20009124Google Scholar
Morgan, D. V., Macy, D., and Stevens, G. (2008). “Real time X-ray diffraction measurements of shocked polycrystalline tin and aluminum,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. RSINAK 79, 1–6.10.1063/1.3030855CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podurets, A. M., Dorokhin, V. V., and Trunin, R. F. (2003). “X-ray diffraction study of shock-induced phase transformations in zirconium and bismuth,” High Temp. HITEA4 41, 216–220.10.1023/A:1023377618366CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vahvaselkä, K. S. (1978). “X-ray diffraction analysis of liquid Hg, Sn, Zr, Al and Cu,” Phys. Scr. PHSTBO 18, 266–274.10.1088/0031-8949/18/4/005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xia, H., Duclos, S. J., Ruoff, A. L., and Vohra, Y. K. (1990). “New high-pressure phase transition in zirconium metal,” Phys. Rev. Lett. PRLTAO 64, 204–207.10.1103/PhysRevLett.64.204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xia, H., Ruoff, A. L., and Vohra, Y. K. (1991). “Temperature dependence of the ω-bcc phase transition in zirconium metal,” Phys. Rev. B PRBMDO 44, 10374–10376.10.1103/PhysRevB.44.10374CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhao, Y., Zhang, J., Pantea, C., Qian, J., and Daemen, L. L., (2005). “Thermal equations of state of the α, β, and ω phases of zirconium,” Phys. Rev. B PRBMDO 71, 184119.10.1103/PhysRevB.71.184119CrossRefGoogle Scholar