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Analysis of kaolinite/chrysotile mixtures by ashing and x-ray diffraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

Jennifer R. Verkouteren,
Eric S. Windsor,
Joseph M. Conny,
Robert L. Perkins and
J. Todd Ennis
Jennifer R. Verkouteren*
Affiliation:
Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Eric S. Windsor
Affiliation:
Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Joseph M. Conny
Affiliation:
Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Robert L. Perkins
Affiliation:
Center for Environmental Measurements and Quality Assurance, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
J. Todd Ennis
Affiliation:
Center for Environmental Measurements and Quality Assurance, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
*
a)Electronic mail: jennifer.verkouteren@nist.gov
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Abstract

A simple ashing procedure for a mixture containing kaolinite and chrysotile is described that converts kaolinite to amorphous metakaolinite while retaining the diffraction intensity of chrysotile. This ashing procedure removes the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern overlap between kaolinite and chrysotile that can interfere with the analysis of even high concentrations of chrysotile. Samples are ashed at 460 °C in a muffle furnace for 40 h to completely convert kaolinite to metakaolinite. The complete conversion of 1 g of kaolinite under these conditions was determined for two standard kaolinite samples from Georgia, KGa-1 and KGa-2. Two of the most common types of commercial chrysotile, long-fiber Canadian and short-fiber Californian chrysotile, are demonstrated to retain diffraction intensity after ashing at 460 °C. Both chrysotile samples have the same integrated intensity for the (002) reflection prior to ashing, although the peak breadths for the two samples are quite different. Ashing at 480 and 500 °C reduces the diffraction intensities of both chrysotile samples by 15%, and broadens the peaks by approximately 3%. Using the prescribed ashing procedure and x-ray diffraction with an internal corundum standard, two kaolinite-bearing building materials containing chrysotile near 0.01 mass fraction were analyzed. The ashing procedure has additional advantages in reducing some samples to powders and removing volatile components, thereby eliminating some sample preparation procedures and concentrating any chrysotile present in the sample. The removal of volatile components improves the sensitivity of XRD analysis to concentrations below 0.01 mass fraction chrysotile.

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Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 17 , Issue 3 , September 2002, pp. 196 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2002

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