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Quantitative determination of chrysotile asbestos in bulk materials by combined Rietveld and RIR methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

A. Gualtieri and
G. Artioli
A. Gualtieri
Affiliation:
Università di Modena, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, I-41100 Modena, Italy
G. Artioli
Affiliation:
Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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Abstract

Because of their potential to induce a number of pathological diseases and their widespread industrial usage in the past, the fibrous minerals forming asbestos have been the subject of a number of studies in the past. Although quantification of asbestos minerals by optical and electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) is a routine technique in the case of dispersed airborn fibers, the detection and the quantification of small amount of fibrous minerals like chrysotile in bulk materials such as building materials is exceedingly difficult. A method for the detection and evaluation of asbestos minerals in massive samples is described, based on a combination of Rietveld and RIR (Reference Intensity Ratio) methods. Lower detection limits are about 0.5-1.0 wt % for chrysotile, depending on powder pattern, counting statistics, and matrix absorption. The chrysotile wt % determined on powder diffraction profiles collected on a conventional instrument is precise to about 1.0 wt % absolute (relative error in the range 0-10%). The technique is of straightforward application. If compared with the commonly used microscopic or spectroscopic techniques, it is of much advantage from the point of view of time, and the results are more accurate and statistically significant of the bulk material. A model for the cylindrically disordered structure of fibrous chrysotile is especially developed for the simulation of the X-ray powder patterns, and it is proposed here.

Keywords

asbestoschrysotileRietveld methodRIRquantitative analysis

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Type
Research Article
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , December 1995, pp. 269 - 277
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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