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Study of calcium oxalate monohydrate of kidney stones by X-ray diffraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2012

M. T. D. Orlando,
L. Kuplich,
D. O. de Souza,
H. Belich,
J. B. Depianti,
C. G. P. Orlando,
E. F. Medeiros,
P. C. M. da Cruz,
L. G. Martinez and
H. P. S. Corrêa
...Show all authors
M. T. D. Orlando
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
L. Kuplich
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
D. O. de Souza
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
H. Belich
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
J. B. Depianti
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
C. G. P. Orlando
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
E. F. Medeiros
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
P. C. M. da Cruz
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil
L. G. Martinez
Affiliation:
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Campus Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 05508-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
H. P. S. Corrêa
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79070-900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
R. Ortiz
Affiliation:
Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenue Arlindo Bettio 1000, 03828-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract

X-ray powder diffraction was used to study the phase composition of human renal calculi. The stones were collected from 56 donors in Vitória, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. An XRD phase quantification revealed that 61% of the studied renal stones were composed exclusively of calcium oxalate [34% formed only by calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and 27% presents both monohydrate and dihydratate calcium oxalate]. The 39% multi-composed calculi have various other phases such as uric acid and calcium phosphate. Rietveld refinement of XRD data of one apparent monophasic (COM) renal calculus revealed the presence of a small amount of hydroxyapatite. The presence of this second phase and the morphology of the stone (ellipsoidal) indicated that this calculus can be classified as non-papillary type and its nucleation process developed in closed kidney cavities. In order to show some advantages of the X-ray powder diffraction technique, a study of the phase transformation of monohydrate calcium oxalate into calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was carried out by annealing of a monophasic COM calculi at 200, 300, and 400 °C for 48 h in a N2 gas atmosphere. The results of the XRD for the heat treated samples is in good agreement with the thermogravimetric analysis found in the literature and shows that X-ray powder diffraction can be used as a suitable technique to study the composition and phase diagram of renal calculi.

Keywords

kidney stonescalcium oxalatecalcium oxalate monohydratedX-ray diffraction

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Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 23 , Special Issue S1 , March 2008, pp. S59 - S64
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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