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Solid State Pathways towards Molecular Complexity in Space

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2011

Harold Linnartz,
Jean-Baptiste Bossa,
Jordy Bouwman,
Herma M. Cuppen,
Steven H. Cuylle,
Ewine F. van Dishoeck,
Edith C. Fayolle,
Gleb Fedoseev,
Guido W. Fuchs and
Sergio Ioppolo
...Show all authors
Harold Linnartz
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Jean-Baptiste Bossa
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Jordy Bouwman
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Herma M. Cuppen
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Steven H. Cuylle
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Ewine F. van Dishoeck
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nlMax-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany
Edith C. Fayolle
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Gleb Fedoseev
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Guido W. Fuchs
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Sergio Ioppolo
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Karoliina Isokoski
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Thanja Lamberts
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Karin I. Öberg
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Claire Romanzin
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Emily Tenenbaum
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Junfeng Zhen
Affiliation:
Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands email: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
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Abstract

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It has been a long standing problem in astrochemistry to explain how molecules can form in a highly dilute environment such as the interstellar medium. In the last decennium more and more evidence has been found that the observed mix of small and complex, stable and highly transient species in space is the cumulative result of gas phase and solid state reactions as well as gas-grain interactions. Solid state reactions on icy dust grains are specifically found to play an important role in the formation of the more complex “organic” compounds. In order to investigate the underlying physical and chemical processes detailed laboratory based experiments are needed that simulate surface reactions triggered by processes as different as thermal heating, photon (UV) irradiation and particle (atom, cosmic ray, electron) bombardment of interstellar ice analogues. Here, some of the latest research performed in the Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics in Leiden, the Netherlands is reviewed. The focus is on hydrogenation, i.e., H-atom addition reactions and vacuum ultraviolet irradiation of interstellar ice analogues at astronomically relevant temperatures. It is shown that solid state processes are crucial in the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium, providing pathways towards molecular complexity in space.

Keywords

astrochemistryinfrared: AstrochemistryISMISM: atomsISM: moleculesmolecular processesISM: abundancesinfrared: ISMmethods: laboratorytechniques: spectroscopic

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