Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-2n9c9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T11:05:39.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

AIM: An Interactive Ashtray to Support Behavior Change through Gamification

Part of:User-Centred Design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2019

Siyuan Huang,
Giulia Wally Scurati,
Mostafa Elzeney,
Yujie Li,
Xiaofeng Lin,
Francesco Ferrise and
Monica Bordegoni

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Littering is a highly diffused anti-environmental and anti-social behavior, especially among young people. Furthermore, cigarette butts are one of the most littered items and are responsible for both severe environmental damages and high clean up expenses. The aim of this project is to design an interactive ashtray for the campus environment to limit the cigarette butts littering behavior in an engaging and effective way. Qualitative and quantitative data are collected. Coded observations were implemented through the research process, including the 2 pre (without the prototype) and 2 pros (with the prototype) sessions. Also, user experience test and one to one interview were conducted for deepening the understanding of the littering phenomenon and the reasons behind in the behavior among young people. The prototype indeed reduced the number of cigarette butts littering among observed behaviors of 156 students, especially in male sample. Final results indicate the behavior change of disposers is moderated by other factors, as the environmental cleanliness. Future development is also discussed.

Keywords

SustainabilityUser centred designMultisensory product experienceDesign for Behavior ChangeGamification

Information

Type
Article
Information
Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , July 2019, pp. 3811 - 3820
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2019

References

Bator, R. J., Bryan, A. D. and Schultz, P. W. (2011), “Who gives a hoot?: Intercept surveys of litterers and disposers”, Environment and Behavior, Vol 43 No. 3, pp. 295–315. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013916509356884Google Scholar
Berengueres, J., Alsuwairi, F., Zaki, N. and Ng, T. (2013), “Gamification of a recycle bin with emoticons”, in Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction, Tokyo, Japan, 2-3rd–6th March 2013, IEEE Press, pp. 83–84. http://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2013.6483512Google Scholar
Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R. and Kallgren, C. A. (1990), “A focus theory of normative conduct: recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places.”, Journal of personality and social psychology Vol 58 No. 6, pp. 1015–1026. http://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015Google Scholar
De Kort, Y. A., McCalley, L. T. and Midden, C. J. (2008), “Persuasive trash cans: Activation of littering norms by design”, Environment and Behavior Vol. 40 No. 6, pp. 870–891. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013916507311035Google Scholar
Deterding, Sebastian, Sicart, Miguel, Nacke, Lennart, O'Hara, Kenton and Dixon, Dan , “Gamification. using game-design elements in non-gaming contexts”, in Proceedings of CHI'11 extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems Vancouver, Canada, 7th–12th ACM May 2011, pp. 2425–2428. http://doi.org/10.1145/1979742.1979575Google Scholar
Finnie, W. C. (1973), “Field experiments in litter control”, Environment and behavior Vol. 5 No. 2, pp 123–144. http://doi.org/10.1177/001391657300500201Google Scholar
Fogg, B. J. (2009), “A behavior model for persuasive design”, in Proceedings of the 4th international Conference on Persuasive Technology, Claremont, California, USA, 26th–29th April 2009, ACM, No. 40. http://doi.org/10.1145/1541948.1541999Google Scholar
Geller, E. S., Brasted, W. S. and Mann, M. F. (1979), “Waste receptacle designs as interventions for litter control”, Journal of Environmental Systems, Vol. 9 No. 2. http://doi.org/10.2190/5P46-8H2N-41JR-C2EJGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. (2012), “inudgeyou green nudge: Nudging litter into the bin-inudgeyou,” http://inudgeyou.com/green-nudge-nudging-litter-into-the-bin. (Last checked 04 February 2019).Google Scholar
https://www.adafruit.com/product/1361 (Last checked 26 November 2018).Google Scholar
https://www.arduino.cc/ (Last checked 26 November 2018).Google Scholar
https://ballotbin.co.uk/ (Last checked 6 September 2018).Google Scholar
https://www.fastcompany.com/3030479/meet-fumo-the-silliest-possible-way-to-fix-cigarette-littering (Last checked 26 November 2018).Google Scholar
http://www.nintendo.com/ (Last checked 26 November 2018.).Google Scholar
https://www.robotics.org.za/MP3-PLAY (Last checked 26 November 2018.).Google Scholar
http://www.tetrabin.com/ (Last checked 06 September 2018.).Google Scholar
https://www.thedroppit.eu/ (Last checked 06 September 2018.).Google Scholar
https://www.ueq-online.org/ (Last checked 26 November 2018.).Google Scholar
Jager, W. (2003), “Breaking bad habits: a dynamical perspective on habit formation and change”, Human Decision-Making and Environmental Perception–Understanding and Assisting Human Decision-Making in Real Life Settings. Libor Amicorum for Charles Vlek, Groningen: University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Kim, B. (2015), “Designing Gamification in the Right Way”, in Kim, B. Library Technology Reports, ALA TechSource, Vol. 51 No. 2, pp. 10–18.Google Scholar
Lessel, P., Altmeyer, M. and Krüger, A. (2015), “Analysis of recycling capabilities of individuals and crowds to encourage and educate people to separate their garbage playfully”, in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 18th–23rd April 2015, ACM, pp. 1095–1104. http://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702309Google Scholar
Matsumura, N., Fruchter, R. and Leifer, L. (2015), “Shikakeology: designing triggers for behavior change”, AI & SOCIETY Vol. 30 No. 4, pp 419–429. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-014-0556-5Google Scholar
Monici, D., Graziosi, S., Ferrise, F., Bordegoni, M. et al. (2017), “Design of a smart alarm clock to foster sustainable urban mobility,” in ‘DS 87-8 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 17) Vol 8: Human Behaviour in Design, Vancouver, Canada, 21st-25th August 2017, pp. 359–368. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2010.08.006.Google Scholar
Montazeri, S., Panos, P., Rich, G. et al. (2015), “Design for behavior change: An elaboration-based approach to persuasion in product design”, in DS 80-11 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 15), Milan, Italy, 27th–30th July 2015, pp. 001–010.Google Scholar
Rath, J. M., Rubenstein, R. A., Curry, L. E., Shank, S. E. and Cartwright, J. C. (2012), “Cigarette litter: smokers’ attitudes and behaviors”, International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 9 No. 6, pp. 2189–2203. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9062189Google Scholar
Schultz, P. W., Bator, R. J., Large, L. B., Bruni, C. M. and Tabanico, J. J. (2013), “Littering in context: personal and environmental predictors of littering behavior”, Environment and Behavior Vol. 45 No. 1, pp. 35–59. http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982841Google Scholar
Tan, H., Sun, L. and Šabanović, S. (2016), “Feeling green: Empathy affects perceptions of usefulness and intention to use a robotic recycling bin”, in Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New York, USA, 26th–31st August 2016, IEEE, pp. 1051–1056. http://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745238Google Scholar
Thieme, A., Comber, R., Miebach, J., Weeden, J., Kraemer, N., Lawson, S. and Olivier, P. (2012), “We've bin watching you: designing for reflection and social persuasion to promote sustainable lifestyles”, in Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Austin, Texas, USA, 5th-10th May 2012, ACM, pp. 2337–2346. http://doi.org/10.1145/2207676.2208394Google Scholar
Wever, R., Van Onselen, L., Silvester, S. and Boks, C. (2010), “Influence of packaging design on littering and waste behaviour”, Packaging Technology and Science, Vol.23 No. 5, pp. 239–252. http://doi.org/10.1002/pts.892.Google Scholar