Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-mnklg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-12T08:15:00.868Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Investigating renal function during lithium treatment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Derek G. Waller and
J. Guy Edwards
Derek G. Waller*
Affiliation:
Clinical Pharmacology Group, Southampton General HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
J. Guy Edwards
Affiliation:
Clinical Pharmacology Group, Southampton General HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr Derek G. Waller, Clinical Pharmacology Group, Centre Block, Level F, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO9 4XY.
Get accessRights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

The tests that have been used to assess glomerular and tubular function in patients receiving treatment with lithium have been reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of these are discussed. The most useful tests are the creatinine clearance, which may be predicted from the serum creatinine using a formula or nomogram, and the measurement of urine osmolality, followed if necessary by assessment of the maximum urine concentrating ability after desamino cys-1–8-D arginine vasopressin.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , May 1985, pp. 369 - 375
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Albrecht, J., Kampf, D. & Müller-Oerlinghausen, B. (1980). Renal function and biopsy in patients on lithium therapy. Neuropsychopharmakologie 13, 228–234.Google ScholarPubMed
Asplund, K., Wahlin, A. & Rapp, W. (1979). DDAVP test in assessment of renal function during lithium therapy. Lancet i, 491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baylis, P. H. & Heath, D. A. (1978). Water disturbances in patients treated with oral lithium carbonate. Annals of Internal Medicine 88, 607–609.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bendz, H., Andersch, S. & Aurell, M. (1983). Kidney function in an unselected lithium population: a cross-sectional study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 68, 325–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjornsson, T. (1979). Use of serum creatinine concentrations to determine renal function. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 4, 200–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bjornsson, T. D., Cocchetto, D. M., McGowan, F. X., Verghese, C. P. & Sedor, F. (1983). Nomogram for estimating creatinine clearance. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 8, 365–369.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, D. A. K. (1965). Renal rate mirabile. Lancet ii, 1141–1151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucht, G. & Wahlin, A. (1980). Renal concentrating capacity in long-term lithium treatment and after withdrawal of lithium. Acta Medica Scandinavica 207, 309–314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coppen, A., Cattell, W. R. & Price, R. G. (1980). Renal function in lithium and non-lithium treated patients with affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 62, 343–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtis, J. R. & Donovan, B. A. (1979). Assessment of renal concentrating ability. British Medical Journal i, 304–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danion, J. M., Welsch, M., Singer, L., Imbs, J. L. & Schwartz, J. (1984). Long-term lithium treatment in patients with mild chronic renal insufficiency. Paper presented at 14th Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum Congress,June 1984.Google Scholar
de Wardener, H. E. (1956). Vasopressin tannate in oil and the urine concentration test. Lancet i, 1037–1039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Wardener, H. E. & Herxheimer, A. (1957). The effect of a high water intake on the kidney's ability to concentrate the urine in man. Journal of Physiology 139, 42–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Donker, A. J. M., Prins, E., Meijer, S., Sluiter, W. J., Van Berkestijn, J. W. B. M. & Dols, L. C. W. (1979). A renal function study in 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy. Clinical Nephrology 12, 254–262.Google ScholarPubMed
Dossetor, J. B. (1966). Creatininaemia versus uraemia. The relative significance of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations in azotaemia. Annals of Internal Medicine 65, 1287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dousa, T. P. (1974). Interaction of lithium with vasopressin-sensitive cyclic AMP system of human renal medulla. Endocrinology 95, 1359–1366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubrovsky, E. V. & Russell, C. D. (1982). Quantitation of renal function with glomerular and tubular agents. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 12, 308–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, K. D. G., Bayliss, R. I. S. & Miller, S. (1969). Urinary creatinine excretions as an index of the completeness of 24-hour urine collections. Lancet ii, 1165–1166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enger, E. & Blegen, E. M. (1964). The relationships between creatinine clearance and serum creatinine in renal faiure. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 16, 273–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garvey, M. J., Tuason, V. B., Blomquist, C. H. & Hwang, S. (1982). Use of renal enzyme to evaluate nephrotoxicity in lithium treated patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 141, 420–422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grof, P., MacCrimmon, D. J. & Smith, E. K. M. (1980). Long-term lithium treatment and the kidney (interim report on fifty patients). Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 25, 535–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hallgren, R., Alm, P. O. & Hellsing, K. (1979). Renal function in patients on lithium treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry 135, 22–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, H. E. & Amdisen, A. (1978). Lithium intoxication (a report of 23 cases and review of 100 cases from the literature). Quarterly Journal of Medicine 47, 123–144.Google ScholarPubMed
Hansen, H. E., Mogensen, C. E., Sorensen, J. L., Norgaard, K., Heilskov, J. & Amdisen, A. (1981). Albumin and beta2 microglobulin excretion in patients on long-term lithium treatment. Nephron 29, 229–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardwicke, J., Cameron, J. S., Harrison, J. F., Hulme, B. & Soothill, J. F. (1970). Proteinuria in kidney diseases. In Proteins in Normal and Pathological Urine (ed. Manuel, Y., Revillard, J. P. and Betuel, H.), pp. 111–152. University Park Press: Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
Hausner, R. (1982). Rapid onset reversible renal impairment during lithium treatment. Psychosomatics 23, 543–548.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heninger, G. R., Forrest, J. N., Cox, M., Stokes, P. E., Gershon, S. & Lowdry, R. (1984). Long-term effects of lithium on the kidney. Clinical Neuropharmacology 7 (Suppl. 1), 864–865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hestbech, J. & Aurell, M. (1979). Lithium-induced uraemia. Lancet i, 212–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hestbech, J., Hansen, H. E., Amdisen, A. & Olsen, S. (1977). Chronic renal lesions following long-term treatment with lithium. Kidney International 12, 205–213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hull, J. H., Hak, L. J., Koch, G. G., Wagin, W. A., Chi, S. L. & Mattocks, A. M. (1981). Influence of range of renal function and liver disease on predictability of creatinine clearance. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 29, 516–521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, G. F. S., Hunt, G. E., Duggin, G. G., Horvath, J. S. & Tiller, D. J. (1984). Renal function and lithium treatment: initial and follow-up tests in manic-depressive illness. Journal of Affective Disorders 6, 249–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassirer, J. P. (1971). Clinical evaluation of kidney function-glomerular function. New England Journal of Medicine 285, 385–389.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lavender, S., Hilton, P. J. & Jones, N. F. (1969). The measurement of glomerular filtration rate in renal disease. Lancet ii, 1216–1219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, M. R. (1981). Methods in clinical pharmacology: effects of drugs on water metabolism. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 12, 289–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, B. E., Paton, A. & de Wardener, H. E. (1954). Maximum urine concentration. British Medical Journal ii, 901–905.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, E. B., Mogensen, C. E., Solling, K., Amdisen, A. & Darling, S. (1978). Urinary excretion of albumin. β2 microglobulin and free light chains during lithium treatment. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 38, 269–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perez, G. O., Oster, J. R. & Vaamonde, C. A. (1975). Incomplete syndrome of renal tubular acidosis induced by lithium carbonate. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 86, 386–394.Google ScholarPubMed
Peterson, P. A., Evrin, P. E. & Bergaard, I. (1969). Differentiation of glomerular, tubular and normal proteinuria; determination of urinary excretion of β2, microglobulin, albumin and total protein. Journal of Clinical Investigation 48, 1189–1198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabin, E. Z., Garston, R. G., Weir, R. & Posen, G. A. (1979). Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with long-term lithium carbonate treatment. Canadian Medical Association Journal 121, 194–195.Google ScholarPubMed
Radomski, J. L., Fuyat, H. N., Nelson, A. A. & Smith, P. K. (1950). The toxic effects, excretion and distribution of lithium chloride. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 100, 429–444.Google ScholarPubMed
Rapaport, A. & Husdan, H. (1968). Endogenous creatinine clearance and serum creatinine in the clinical assessment of kidney function. Canadian Medical Association Journal 99, 149–156.Google Scholar
Rehling, M., Moller, M. L., Thamdrup, B., Lund, J. O. & Trap-Jensen, J. (1984). Simultaneous measurement of renal clearance and plasma clearance of 99mTc-labelled diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate, 51Cr labelled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and inulin in man. Clinical Science 66, 613–619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Revillard, J. P. & Vincent, C. (1980). Clinical significance of β2 microglobulin determination. Acta Clinica Belgica 35, Suppl. 10, 14–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, J. A. & Philbin, P. E. (1971). The one hour creatinine clearance rate in healthy men. Journal of the American Medical Association 216, 987–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simon, N. M., Garber, E. & Arieff, A. J. (1977). Persistent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after lithium carbonate. Annals of Internal Medicine 86, 446–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, I. (1981). Lithium and the kidney. Kidney International 19, 374–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sirota, J. H., Baldwin, D. S. & Villarreal, H. (1950). Diurnal variations in renal function in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 29, 187–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, H. W., Goldring, W. & Chasis, H. (1938). The measurement of the tubular excretory mass, effective blood flow, and filtration rate in the normal human kidney. Journal of Clinical Investigation 17, 263–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thysell, H., Brante, G., Sjostedt, L., Lindergard, B., Lindholm, T., Franzen, G. & Rorsman, B. (1981). Glomerular filtration rate and calcium metabolism in long-term lithium treatment. Neuropsychobiology 7, 105–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thysell, H., Hultberg, B. & Regnell, G. (1982). Urinary β-hexosaminidase excretion in patients treated with lithium, thymoleptic and/or neuroleptic drugs. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 66, 486–490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uldall, P. R., Awad, A. G., McCormick, W. O., Carter, L. B., Gonsick, T., Grass, C. L. & Kugelmass, M. I. (1981). Renal function in patients receiving long-term lithium therapy. Canadian Medical Association Journal 124, 1471–1474.Google ScholarPubMed
Vestergaard, P. & Amdisen, A. (1981). Lithium treatment and kidney function: a follow-up study of 237 patients on long-term treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 63, 333–345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vestergaard, P. & Hansen, H. E. (1980). Asessment of renal concentrating ability in lithium-treated patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 61, 152–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, R. G., Bennett, W. M., Davies, B. M. & Kincaid-Smith, P. (1982). Structural and functional effects of long-term lithium therapy. Kidney International 21, Suppl. 11, S13–S19.Google Scholar
Waller, D. G., Albano, J. D. M., Millar, J. G. B. & Polak, A. (1983). Impairment of cyclic AMP response to bovine parathyroid hormone in patients on chronic lithium therapy with diminished renal urine-concentrating ability. Clinical Science 64, 623–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waller, D. G., Edwards, J. G., Naik, R. & Polak, A. (1984). Lithium and renal function. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 211, 369–379.Google Scholar
Wallin, L., Alling, C. & Aurell, M. (1982). Impairment of renal function in patients on long-term lithium treatment. Clinical Nephrology 18, 23–28.Google ScholarPubMed
Wellwood, J. M., Lovell, D., Thompson, A. E. & Tighe, J. R. (1976). Renal damage caused by gentamicin: a study of the effects on renal morphology and urinary enzyme excretion. Journal of Pathology 118, 171–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, D. S., Pestaner, L. C. & Gibberman, V. (1975). Effects of drugs on clinical laboratory tests. Clinical Chemistry 21, ID-432D.Google ScholarPubMed