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A Solution for the Northern Hemisphere Climatic Zonation During a Glacial Maximum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Barry Saltzman and
Anandu D. Vernekar
Barry Saltzman
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 USA
Anandu D. Vernekar
Affiliation:
Institute for Fluid Dynamics and Applied Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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Abstract

The same model previously used to deduce an acceptable first order picture of the present zonally averaged macroclimate is now solved for the climatic response to the “glacial” surface boundary conditions that prevailed at 18,000 BP in the northern hemisphere. The equilibrium solution obtained gives the distributions with latitude of the mean temperature, wind, humidity, precipitation, evaporation, heat balance, transient baroclinic eddy statistics (i.e., kinetic energy of the meridional wind and meridional flux of heat, momentum, and water vapor), and the energy integrals. In general terms, the solution shows the glacial atmosphere to be colder and drier than at present, with an intensified polar front, stronger mean zonal and poloidal winds, more intense transient baroclinic eddies (storms) transporting heat, momentum and water vapor poleward at higher rates, and reduced precipitation and evaporation. Also evident is an equatorward shift of the climatic zones (as delineated by the mean surface zonal winds, the poloidal motion, and the difference between mean evaporation and precipitation), particularly in higher latitudes. Other properties of the solution, such as the effect of zonal wind changes on the length of the day, are discussed.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , September 1975, pp. 307 - 320
Copyright
University of Washington

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