Hostname: page-component-74656f9884-g96k6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-10T09:26:31.905Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microchemical and Molecular Dating*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2018

L A Currie ,
T W Stafford ,
A E Sheffield ,
G A Klouda ,
S A Wise ,
R A Fletcher ,
D J Donahue ,
A J T Jull  and
T W Linick
L A Currie
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
T W Stafford
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
A E Sheffield
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
G A Klouda
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
S A Wise
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
R A Fletcher
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
D J Donahue
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
A J T Jull
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
T W Linick
Affiliation:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

The depth and reliability of archaeological and environmental information on ages, sources and pathways of carbon are being greatly enhanced through a new synergism between advances in “micro 14C dating” and advances in micro-organic analytical chemistry and individual particle characterization. Recent activities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, formerly NBS) involving this linkage include dating individual amino acids isolated from bone collagen and the apportionment or tracing of individual carbon compounds derived from anthropogenic sources. Important knowledge has been gained through “direct” (sequential) and “indirect” (parallel) links between microchemistry and 14C measurement. The former is illustrated by 14C measurements on specific amino acids and on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) class of compounds. Isolation of the respective molecular fractions from far greater quantities of extraneous carbon held the key to valid dating and source apportionment respectively. Parallel data on 14C and molecular patterns promises new knowledge about the identity of sources of environmental carbon at the nanogram level through multivariate techniques such as principal component analysis and multiple linear regression. Examples are given for atmospheric particulate carbon, using PAH molecular patterns and laser microprobe mass spectral patterns.

Information

Type
II. Carbon Cycle in the Environment
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 31 , Issue 3: June 20-25, 1988 Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia , 1989 , pp. 448 - 463
Copyright
Copyright © The American Journal of Science 

References

Bischoff, J L and Rosenbauer, R J, 1981, Uranium series dating of human skeletal remains from the Del Mar and Sunnyvale sites, California: Science, v 213, p 1003–1005.Google Scholar
Blumer, M, 1976, Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Sci Am, v 234, p 35–45.Google Scholar
Bronk, C R and Hedges, R E M, 1987, A gas ion source for radiocarbon dating: Nuclear Instruments & Methods, v B29, p 45–49.Google Scholar
Bumsted, M P, 1985, Past human behavior from bone chemical analysis: respects and prospects: Jour Human Evolution, v 14, p 539–551.Google Scholar
Currie, L A, Beebe, K R and Klouda, G A, 1988, What should we measure?, in EPA/APCA symposium on measurement of toxic and related air pollutants, Proc. Pittsburgh, Air Pollution Control Assoc. p 853–863.Google Scholar
Currie, L A, Fletcher, R A and Klouda, G A, 1987, On the identification of carbonaceous aerosols via 14C accelerator mass spectrometry, and laser microprobe mass spectrometry: Nuclear Instruments & Methods, v B29, p 346–354.Google Scholar
Currie, L A, Fletcher, R A and Klouda, G A, 1989, Source apportionment of individual carbonaceous particles using 14C and laser microprobe mass spectrometry: Aerosol Sci Tech, v 10, p 370–378.Google Scholar
Currie, L A, Klouda, G A and Gerlach, R W, 1981, Radiocarbon: Nature's tracer for carbonaceous pollutants, in Cooper, J A and Malek, D, eds, Internatl conf on residential solid fuels, Proc: Beaverton, Oregon Grad Center. p 365–385.Google Scholar
Currie, L A, Klouda, G A, Schjoldager, J and Ramdahl, T, 1986, The power of 14C measurements combined with chemical characterization for tracing urban aerosol in Norway, in Stuiver, M and Kra, R S, eds, Internatl 14C conf, 12th, Proc: Radiocarbon, v 28, no. 2A, p 673–680.Google Scholar
Currie, L A, Klouda, G A and Voorhees, K J, 1984, Atmospheric carbon: the importance of accelerator mass spectrometry: Nuclear Instruments & Methods, v 233 [B5], p 371–379.Google Scholar
Deines, P, 1980, The isotopic composition of reduced organic carbon, in Fritz, P and Fontes, J C, eds, Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry: Amsterdam, Elsevier v I, chap 9, p 329–406.Google Scholar
Fletcher, R A and Currie, L A, 1988, Pattern differences in laser microprobe mass spectra of negative ion carbon clusters, in Newbury, D E, ed, Microbeam analysis 1988: San Francisco, San Francisco Press, p 367–370.Google Scholar
Haynes, C V Jr, 1984, Stratigraphy and Late Pleistocene extinctions in the United States, in Martin, P S and Klein, R G, eds, Quaternary extinctions: a prehistoric revolution: Tucson, Univ Arizona Press, p 345–353.Google Scholar
Klouda, G A, Currie, L A, Donahue, D J, Jull, A J T and Naylor, M H, 1986, Urban atmospheric carbon monoxide and methane measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry, in Stuiver, M and Kra, R S, eds, Internatl 14C conf, 12th, Proc: Radiocarbon, v 28 no 2A, p 625–633.Google Scholar
Klouda, G A, Currie, L A, Donahue, D J, Jull, A J T and Zabel, T H, 1984, Accelerator mass spectrometry sample preparation: methods for 14C in 50–1000 microgram samples: Nuclear Instruments & Methods, v 233, p 265–271.Google Scholar
Kra, R, 1986, Standardizing procedures for collecting, submitting, recording, and reporting radiocarbon samples, in Stuiver, M and Kra, R S, eds, Internatl 14C conf, 12th, Proc: Radiocarbon, v 28, no. 2A, p 765–775.Google Scholar
Krotoszynski, B, Gabriel, G and O'Neill, H, 1977, Characterization of human expired air: a promising investigative and diagnostic technique: Jour Chromatog Sci, v 15, p 239–244.Google Scholar
Levin, I, Kromer, B, Schoch-Fischer, H, Bruns, M, Münnich, M, Berdau, B, Vogel, J C and Münnich, K O, 1985, 25 years of tropospheric 14C observations in central Europe: Radiocarbon, v 27, no. 1, p 1–19.Google Scholar
Mook, W G, 1986, Recommendations/resolutions adopted by the twelfth international radiocarbon conference, in Stuiver, M and Kra, R S, eds, Internatl 14C conf, 12th, Proc: Radiocarbon, v 28, no. 2A, p 799.Google Scholar
National Research Council, 1984, Global tropospheric chemistry: Washington, D C, Natl Acad Press.Google Scholar
Otlet, R I, Huxtable, G and Sanderson, D C W, 1986, The development of practical systems for 14C measurement in small samples using miniature counters, in Stuiver, M and Kra, R S, eds, Internatl 14C conf, 12th, Proc: Radiocarbon, v 28, no. 2A, p 603–614.Google Scholar
Ramdahl, T, 1983, Retene – a molecular marker of wood combustion in ambient air: Nature, v 306, p 580–582.Google Scholar
Rosen, H, Hansen, A D A, Novakov, T and Bodhaine, B A, Graphitic carbon – to-lead racio as a tracer for sources of the Arctic aerosol, in Bodhaine, B A and Harris, J M, eds, Geophysical monitoring for climatic change, no. 10: Washington, D C, NOAA, p 134–137.Google Scholar
Sawicki, E, 1962, Analysis of airborne particulate hydrocarbons: their relative proportions as affected by different types of pollution: Natl Cancer Mono no. 9, p 201–220.Google Scholar
Sheffield, A E (ms) 1988, Application of radiocarbon analysis and receptor modeling to the source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere: Ph D dissert, Dept Chem, Univ Maryland.Google Scholar
Sheffield, A E, Currie, L A and Klouda, G A, 1988, Trace radiocarbon analysis of environmental samples: Jour Research NBS, May/June, v 93, p 289–292.Google Scholar
Sievers, R E, Barkley, R M, Denney, D W, Harvey, S D, Roberts, J M, Bollinger, M J and Delany, A C, 1980, Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of volatile organics in the atmosphere, in Sampling and analysis of toxic organics in the atmosphere: ASTM STP-721: Philadelphia, Am Soc Testing Materials, p 3–21.Google Scholar
Simoneit, B R T and Mazurek, M A, 1982, Organic matter of the troposphere – II: Atmos Environ, v 16, p 2139–2159.Google Scholar
Stafford, T W Jr, Hare, P E, Currie, L A, Jull, A J T and Donahue, D ms, 1989, Accelerator radiocarbon dating at the molecular level: Jour Archaeol Sci, in press.Google Scholar
Stafford, T W Jr and Tyson, R A, 1989, Accelerator radiocarbon dates on charcoal, shell and human bone from the Del Mar site, California: Am Antiquity, v 54, p 389–395.Google Scholar
Stevens, R K, Lewis, C W, Dzubay, T G, Baumgardner, R E, Zweidinger, R B, Highsmith, V R, Cupitt, L T, Lewtas, J, Claxton, L D, Currie, L A, Klouda, G A and Zak, B ms, 1989, Mutagenic atmospheric aerosol sources apportioned by receptor modeling, in Zielinski, W, ed, Monitoring methods for toxics in the atmosphere, STP 1052: Philadelphia, Am Soc Testing Materials, in press.Google Scholar
Verkouteren, R M, Currie, L A, Klouda, G A, Donahue, D J, Jull, A J T and Linick, T W, 1987, Preparation of microgram samples on iron wool for radiocarbon analysis via accelerator mass spectrometry: A closed-system approach: Nuclear Instruments & Methods, v B29, p 41–44.Google Scholar